Establishing Causation in Political Science MCQs
Establishing Causation in Political Science MCQs
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1: Causes of effects approach is an approach to causal questions that starts with an outcome and works backward to the causes. Emphasis is on identifying causes of outcomes.
A. True
B. False
2: An experiment with the random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups with a pretest and posttest for both groups is called classical non randomized experiment
A. True
B. False
3: A group of _____ that does not receive the experimental treatment or test stimulus.
A. Scientists
B. Researchers
C. Objects
D. Subjects
4: A statement that the values or states of one thing ________ vary with the values or states of another; an association between two variables.
A. Systematically
B. Non systematically
C. Poorly
D. Irregularly
5: Demand characteristics is aspects of the research situation that cause participants to guess the purpose or rationale of the study and adjust their behavior or opinions accordingly
A. True
B. False.
6: An approach to causal questions that starts with a potential cause and works forward to measure its impact on the outcome. Emphasis on measuring the size of the effect that a cause has on an outcome is called the effect of causes approach.
A. True
B. False
7: Research using a research design in which the researcher controls exposure to the test factor or independent variable, the assignment of subjects to groups, and the measurement of responses is known as
A. Experiment.
B. Hypothesis
C. Deduction
D. Research
8: ________ effect is effect, usually measured numerically, of the experimental variable on the dependent variable
A. Experimental effect .
B. Experimental group
C. Experimental mortality
D. None of above
9: A group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment or test stimulus is known as
A. Experimental effect .
B. Experimental group
C. Experimental mortality
D. None of above
10: ________ is a differential loss of subjects from experimental and control groups that affects the equivalency of groups; threat to internal validity.
A. Experimental effect .
B. Experimental group
C. Experimental mortality
D. None of above
11: The ability to generalize from one set of research findings to other situations is called
A. External validity
B. Internal validity
C. Special validity
D. None of above
12: _______ is the ability to show that manipulation or variation of the independent variable actually causes the dependent variable to change.
A. External validity
B. Internal validity
C. Special validity
D. None of above
13: Quantitative research designs in which the research examines many cases of a phenomenon is known as ______
A. Large N values
B. Small N values
C. Zero N values
D. None of above
14: Pretest is a measurement of variables prior to the administration of the experimental treatment or manipulation of the independent variable.
A. True
B. False
15: The random assignment of subjects to _______________ is called randomization.
A. Experimental groups
B. Control groups
C. Experimental and control groups.
D. Non control groups
16: Research design is a plan specifying how the _____ intends to fulfill the goals of the study; a logical plan for testing hypotheses.
A. Researchers
B. Scientists
C. Astronauts
D. None of above
17: Bias due to the assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups according to some criterion and not randomly; threat to _____ validity is called selection bias
A. External
B. Internal
C. Proper
D. Special
18: A research design is a plan that shows how one intends to study an empirical question.
A. True
B. False
19: Correlation and causation are interchangeable as they capture the same idea--that there is a relationship between two or more concepts.
A. True
B. False
20: The best way to create representative experimental and control groups is by assigning participants through ______.
A. Randomization
B. Availability
C. Self-selection
D. Precision matching
21: A pretest is used in which type of research design?
A. Survey
B. Content analysis
C. Case study
D. Experiment
22: The time, location, and other physical aspects are considered to be extraneous factors or influences that might affect the dependent variable.
A. True
B. False
23: Differences between the answers to a pretest and a posttest are generally considered to ______.
A. Demonstrate the effect of the control variable
B. Demonstrate the effect of the experimental variable
C. Demonstrate the effect of spurious variables
D. Demonstrate validity and reliability
24: Including only sophomores from a single college in the sample can affect internal validity.
A. True
B. False
25: The extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized across populations, times, and settings is referred to as external validity.
A. True
B. False
26: The experimental research design often suffers from ______.
A. Weak internal validity
B. Strong internal validity
C. Weak external validity
D. Strong external validity
27: In a ______, the researcher examines one or a few cases of a phenomenon in considerable detail, typically using several data collection methods such as personal interviews, document analysis, and observation.
A. Small N design
B. Intervention analysis
C. Trend analysis
D. Panel study
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Establishing Causation in Political Science MCQs
