Hypotheses, Concepts, Variables in Political Science MCQs
Hypotheses, Concepts, Variables in Political Science MCQs
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1: A method of testing measurement reliability. Measures the same concept more than once, but it uses two different measures of the same concept rather than the same measure. These measures are then compared. If they yield similar results, the measures are considered reliable is called non- alternative-form method
A. True
B. False
2: An independent variable that precedes other independent variables in time is known as
A. Antecedent variable
B. Constant variable
C. Non constant variable
D. None of above
3: ______ diagram is a pictorial representation of a researcher’s explanatory scheme
A. Arrow diagram
B. Simple diagram
C. Hyphen diagram
D. Scientific diagram
4: A _____ measured using categories. A nominal- or ordinal-level measure is known as categorical measure
A. Variable
B. Non variable
C. Data
D. Constant
5: A concept or variable whose values do not vary is called
A. Variable
B. Non variable
C. Data
D. Constant
6: ______ validity demonstrated for a measure by showing that it is related to the measure of another concept
A. Content
B. Construct
C. Convergent construct
D. None of above
7: ______ validity involves determining the full domain or meaning of a particular concept and then making sure that all components of the meaning are included in the measure
A. Content
B. Construct
C. Convergent construct
D. None of above
8: When a measure of a concept is related to a measure of another concept with which the original concept is thought to be associated is known as
A. Content
B. Construct
C. Convergent construct
D. None of above
9: The use of data at one level of aggregation to make inferences at another level of aggregation is called cross level analysis
A. True
B. False
10: The phenomenon thought to be influenced, affected, or caused by some other phenomenon is called
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Constant variable
D. None of above
11: Dichotomous variable with only _____ categories—these variables are special cases as they can be used at the nominal, ordinal, or even ratio level.
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. None of above
12: A hypothesis that specifies the expected relationship between two or more variables is called
A. Directional hypothesis
B. Non directional hypothesis
C. Good hypothesis
D. None of above
13: Discriminant construct validity is a method of demonstrating validity by comparing two measures that theoretically are expected not to be related. If the measures do not correlate with one another, then discriminant construct validity is demonstrated.
A. True
B. False
14: Discriminant construct validity is fallacy of deducing a false relationship between the attributes or behavior of individuals based on observing that relationship for groups to which the individuals belong
A. True
B. False
15: Ecological inference is the process of inferring a relationship between characteristics of individuals based on group or aggregate data.
A. True
B. False
16: When a measure appears to accurately measure the concept it is supposed to measure. Face validity may only be asserted, rather than empirically demonstrated, because face validity is essentially a _______ is called face validity
A. Matter of judgment
B. Matter of non judgement
C. Matter of interest
D. All of above
17: ______ is a tentative or provisional or unconfirmed statement that can (in principle) be verified.
A. Hypothesis
B. Deduction
C. Experiment
D. Result
18: The phenomenon thought to influence, affect, or cause some other phenomenon is called
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Constant variable
D. All of above
19: Interval level measures includes the properties of the nominal level (characteristics are different) and the ordinal level (characteristics can be put in a meaningful order). But unlike nominal and ordinal measures.
A. True
B. False
20: A variable coming between an independent variable and a dependent variable in an explanatory scheme is called
A. Dependent variable
B. Intervening variable
C. Mediator variable
D. Confounding variable
21: Level of measurement refers to the type of information that we think our measurements contain and the ______ properties they possess. Determines the type of comparisons that can be made across a number of observations on the same variable
A. Physical
B. Mathematical
C. Chemical
D. Numerical
22: A type of measurement error that results in systematically over- or under measuring the value of a concept is known as
A. Measurement data
B. Non measurement bias
C. Measurement bias
D. All of above
23: A relationship in which high values of one variable are associated with low values of another variable or in which low values of one variable are associated with high values of another variable is called
A. Negative relationship
B. Positive relationship
C. Extraordinary relationship
D. All of above
24: Nominal level measure indicates that the values assigned to a variable represent only different categories or classifications for that variable
A. True
B. False
25: Non-operational definitions are the rules by which a concept is measured and scores assigned.
A. True
B. False
26: The process of assigning numerals or scores to a variable to represent the values of a concept is known as operationalization
A. True
B. False
27: ______ indicates that the values assigned to a variable can be compared in terms of having more or less of a particular attribute
A. Ordinal level measure
B. Nominal level measure.
C. Both of above
D. None of above
28: A relationship in which the values of one variable increase (or decrease) as the values of another variable increase (or decrease) is known as
A. Negative relationship
B. Positive relationship
C. Extraordinary relationship
D. All of above
29: The extent to which measurements are complete and informative is known as
A. Precision
B. Inaccuracy
C. Completion
D. None of above
30: ______ is an interval- or ratio-level measure. A measure with numerical properties.
A. Quantitative measure
B. Qualitative measure
C. Non quantitative measure
D. None of above
31: An error in measurement that has no systematic direction or cause is called
A. Random measurement error
B. Non random measurement error
C. Both of above
D. All of above
32: Ratio level measurement is a type of measurement which involves the full mathematical properties of numbers and contains the most possible information about a measured concept.
A. True
B. False
33: The consistency of results from a procedure or measure in repeated tests or trials is called reliability
A. True
B. False
34: Split half method is a method of testing reliability by applying ____ measures of the same concept at the same time. The results of the two measures are then compared .
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. One
35: A hypothesis in which the independent and dependent variables are identical, making it impossible to disconfirm is called tautology
A. True
B. False
36: ______ method Involves applying the same measure to the same observations at two periods in time, then comparing the results to test for measurement reliability.
A. Test retest method
B. Test method
C. Analysis
D. None of above
37: The type of actor (individual, group, institution, nation) specified in a ______ is called unit of analysis
A. Researcher’s hypothesis
B. Scientific hypothesis.
C. Non scientific hypothesis
D. None of above
38: Validity refers to the degree of correspondence between the measure and the concept it is thought to measure.
A. True
B. False
39: A(n) ______ variable is thought to influence, affect, or cause some other phenomenon.
A. Dependent
B. Independent
C. Antecedent
D. Intervening
40: A(n) independent variable is thought to be caused, to depend upon, or to be a function of a(n) dependent variable.
A. True
B. False
41: A concept that does not have any variation across observations is called a ______.
A. Normative response
B. Constant
C. Subscript
D. Variable
42: Constants are concepts that do not change. They play an important part in political science relationships.
A. True
B. False
43: A variable that occurs prior to all other variables and that may affect other independent variables is called a(n) antecedent variable.
A. True
B. False
44: An intervening variable ______.
A. Occurs closer in time to the dependent variable and is itself affected by other independent variables
B. Occurs prior to all other variables and that may affect other independent variables
C. Is thought to influence, affect, or cause some other phenomenon
D. Is thought to be caused, to depend upon, or to be a function of another variable
45: When we assert that variation in variable X causes variation in variable Y, we are stating that the covariation between X and Y is spurious.
A. True
B. False
46: Which of the following was identified as a characteristic of a good hypothesis?
A. It is stated as a generality.
B. A hypothesis is complex.
C. It is a normative statement.
D. A hypothesis is not plausible.
47: Which of the following hypotheses predicts a positive relationship?
A. The more parents identify with the Republican Party, the less their children will identify with the Republican Party.
B. Education will be related to income.
C. Greater numbers of troops in an army cause greater expenditures on logistics.
D. Population size in a state will be related to the amount of spending on public health.
48: Political scientists use concepts to describe human behavior or attributes. The terms that define concepts in part are accurate, informative, and precise.
A. True
B. False
Hypotheses, Concepts, Variables in Political Science MCQs
