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A. The study of microorganisms and their interactions with the environment
B. The application of microorganisms for industrial processes and biotechnological applications
C. The analysis of microbial metabolism and growth kinetics
D. The manipulation of genes in microorganisms for desired traits
A. Bacteria
B. Fungi
C. Viruses
D. Plants
A. To analyze the composition of microbial communities in the environment
B. To determine the genetic makeup of microorganisms
C. To study the metabolic pathways of microorganisms
D. To obtain pure cultures of microorganisms for further study
A. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
B. Gel electrophoresis
C. Gram staining
D. DNA sequencing
A. To fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic compounds
B. To convert organic nitrogen into atmospheric nitrogen
C. To convert nitrate into ammonia through denitrification
D. To degrade organic matter and release nitrogen gas
A. Bacteria
B. Fungi
C. Viruses
D. Protozoa
A. Microorganisms degrade organic matter and remove pollutants from wastewater
B. Microorganisms produce electricity from wastewater
C. Microorganisms increase the pH of wastewater for treatment
D. Microorganisms remove heavy metals from wastewater
A. To study the composition of microbial communities in the environment
B. To determine the metabolic pathways of microorganisms
C. To analyze gene expression patterns in microorganisms
D. To study the genetic makeup and inheritance patterns of microorganisms
A. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
B. Gel electrophoresis
C. DNA sequencing
D. Microarray analysis
A. Microbial fermentation is used to produce various products such as biofuels, enzymes, and organic acids
B. Microbial fermentation is used to analyze gene expression patterns
C. Microbial fermentation is used to study the metabolic pathways of microorganisms
D. Microbial fermentation is used to obtain pure cultures of microorganisms for further study