Process and Problems of Criminological Research MCQs
Process and Problems of Criminological Research MCQs
Try to answer these 40+ Process and Problems of Criminological Research MCQs and check your understanding of the Process and Problems of Criminological Research subject.
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1: Replication is the ability of a study to be reproduced.
A. True
B. False
2: Newspaper and magazine articles are examples of refereed, peer-reviewed research.
A. True
B. False
3: SOCINFO is an example of a bibliographic database appropriate for social science research.
A. True
B. False
4: Search terms help you identify appropriate literature when performing a literature review.
A. True
B. False
5: Laws represent logically interrelated set of propositions about empirical reality.
A. True
B. False
6: Theories must be falsifiable.
A. True
B. False
7: Theoretical constructs describe what is important to look at to understand, explain, predict, and “do something about” crime.
A. True
B. False
8: Deductive reasoning is the type of reasoning that moves from the specific to the general.
A. True
B. False
9: Inductive reasoning is the type of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific.
A. True
B. False
10: Unexpected patterns in the data that are collected are referred to as serendipitous findings.
A. True
B. False
11: Researchers often test a hypothesis versus the complete theory itself.
A. True
B. False
12: A constant refers to a characteristic or property that can vary.
A. True
B. False
13: The variable that is hypothesized to cause, or lead to, variation in another variable is referred to as the independent variable.
A. True
B. False
14: The independent variable is often referred to as the outcome variable.
A. True
B. False
15: Internal validity is the type of validity that is achieved when a conclusion holds true for the population, group, or groups that we say it does, given the specified conditions.
A. True
B. False
16: Is anomalous findings (serendipitous findings) unexpected patterns in data, which stimulate new ideas or theoretical approaches?
A. True
B. False
17: _____ is when the understanding of a social process or social setting is one that reflects fairly the various perspectives of participants in that setting.
A. Authenticity
B. Phrenology
C. None of these
D. Crime mapping
18: _____ is defined as the type of validity that is achieved when a conclusion that one phenomenon leads to or results in another phenomenon—or doesn’t lead to or result in another—is correct.
A. Explanatory research
B. All of these
C. Matched-groups design
D. Causal validity (internal validity)
19: _____ is known as a number that has a fixed value in a given situation; a characteristic or value that does not change.
A. None of these
B. Illogical reasoning
C. Constant
D. Crime mapping
20: Is cross‑population generalizability (external validity) exists when findings about one group, population, or setting hold true for other groups, populations, or settings?
A. False
B. True
21: _____ is the type of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific.
A. Content analysis
B. Deductive reasoning
C. Matched-groups design
D. None of these
22: _____ is defined as the type of research in which a specific expectation is deduced from a general premise and is then tested.
A. Deductive research
B. Illogical reasoning
C. Overgeneralization
D. None of these
23: _____ is known as a variable that is hypothesized to change or vary depending on the variation in another variable.
A. All of these
B. Dependent variable
C. Surveys
D. Phrenology
24: Is direction of association when the values of variables tend to change consistently in relation to change in the other variable. Direction of association can be either positive or negative?
A. False
B. True
25: _____ is statements that describe patterns found in data.
A. Between-subjects design
B. Epistemology
C. None of these
D. Empirical generalizations
26: _____ is defined as exists when findings about one group, population, or setting hold true for other groups, populations, or settings.
A. All of these
B. Illogical reasoning
C. External validity (cross‑population generalizability)
D. Pseudoscience
27: _____ is known as when a theory can be tested and falsified or otherwise not supported by empirical evidence.
A. All of these
B. Crime mapping
C. Illogical reasoning
D. Falsifiable
28: Is generalizability the type of validity that is achieved when a conclusion holds true for the population, group, or groups that we say it does, given the conditions that we specify?
A. False
B. True
29: _____ is a tentative statement about empirical reality involving the relationship between two or more variables.
A. Between-subjects design
B. All of these
C. Hypothesis
D. Crime mapping
30: _____ is defined as a variable that is hypothesized to cause or lead to variation in another variable.
A. All of these
B. Dependent variable
C. Independent variable
D. Phrenology
31: _____ is known as the type of reasoning that moves from the specific to the general.
A. All of these
B. Inductive reasoning
C. Crime mapping
D. Intensive interviewing
32: Is inductive research the type of research in which specific data are used to develop (induce) a general explanation?
A. False
B. True
33: _____ is the type of validity that is achieved when a measure measures what it is presumed to measure.
A. Phrenology
B. None of these
C. Measurement validity
D. Independent variable
34: _____ is defined as the independent and dependent variables move in opposite directions; as one increases, the other decreases.
A. Illogical reasoning
B. Negative relationship
C. Constant
D. All of these
35: _____ is known as the independent and dependent variables move in the same direction; as one increases, the other increases.
A. All of these
B. Surveys
C. Crime mapping
D. Positive relationship
36: Is refereed journals journals that select research papers for publication based on the peer reviews of other social scientists?
A. True
B. False
37: _____ is the ability of an entire study or experiment to be duplicated.
A. Between-subjects design
B. None of these
C. Replication
D. Crime mapping
38: _____ is defined as a diagram of the elements of the research process, including theories, hypotheses, data collection, and data analysis.
A. Research circle
B. Between-subjects design
C. Crime mapping
D. None of these
39: _____ is known as a question about some aspect of crime, criminals, or the criminal justice system, the answer to which is sought through collection and analysis of firsthand, verifiable, empirical data.
A. Phrenology
B. None of these
C. Measurement validity
D. Research question
40: Is sample generalizability exists when a conclusion based on a sample or subset of a larger population holds true for that population?
A. True
B. False
41: _____ is unexpected patterns in data, which stimulate new ideas or theoretical approaches.
A. Matched-groups design
B. All of these
C. Content analysis
D. Serendipitous findings (anomalous findings)
42: _____ is defined as parts of a theory that describe what is important to look at to understand, explain, predict, and “do something about” the subject.
A. All of these
B. Pseudoscience
C. Illogical reasoning
D. Theoretical constructs
43: _____ is known as a logically interrelated set of propositions about empirical reality. Examples of criminological theories include social learning, routine activities, labeling, general strain, and social disorganization theory.
A. Theory
B. None of these
C. Falsifiable
D. Crime mapping
44: Is variable characteristics or properties that can vary (take on different values or attributes)?
A. True
B. False
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Process and Problems of Criminological Research MCQs
