Cell Biology MCQs
Cell Biology MCQs
Answer these 500+ Cell Biology MCQs and assess your grip on the subject of Cell Biology. Scroll below and get started!
1: _____ are the subunits of nucleic acids, and _____ are the subunits of proteins.
A. Polypeptides; sugars
B. Nucleotides; amino acids
C. Bases; polypeptides
D. Nucleoli; amino acids
2: _____ has a longer wavelength than _____
A. Red, green
B. Green, red
C. Red, blue
D. Blue, red
3: _____ transport blood to capillaries, and _____ transport blood away from capillaries.
A. Arterioles ... venules
B. Into the right atrium
C. Arterial pressure during heart contraction ... arterial pressure during heart relaxation
D. Liters of blood pumped per minute
4: ___________ exhibit lower electron affinity.
A. Lower electron affinity
B. Greater electron affinity
C. Greater oxygen-binding ability
D. Lower oxygen-binding ability
5: ________ectomy means the removal of the thymus gland.
A. Inter
B. Thym
C. Lymph
D. Spleno
6: A duplicated chromosome has _____ chromatid(s).
A. 2
B. 3
C. 1
D. 4
7: A karyotype is a __________.
A. A photograph of all the chromosomes in a single cell from an individual
B. Asexual reproduction and mitosis
C. Division of the cytoplasm to create two cells
D. Physically connects homologous chromosomes during prophase I
8: A meiotic division produces _____ daughter cells.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 5
9: A plant performing photosynthesis will produce ____ and consume _____.
A. Water, carbon dioxide.
B. Oxygen, water.
C. Oxygen, carbon dioxide.
D. Carbon dioxide, oxygen.
E. Carbon dioxide, water.
10: A sarcomere is ________.
A. The nonfunctional unit of skeletal muscle
B. The area between two Z discs
C. The area between two intercalated discs
D. The wavy lines on the cell seen in the microscope
11: A small amount of atp is made in glycolysis _____.
A. By the transfer of a phosphate group from a fragment of the glucose to ADP (Substrate-level phosphorylation)
B. Substrate-level phosphorylation
C. Mitochondria
D. Mitochondrial matrix
12: A triploid individual _____.
A. Has an additional stage in meiosis (meiosis I, meiosis II, and meiosis III)
B. Is unable to undergo mitosis
C. Is unable to undergo normal meiosis
D. Produces offspring with an even number of chromosome sets (for example, tetraploid, hexaploid)
13: Adult humans cannot synthesize _____ out of the _____ common amino acids.
A. Cristae
B. Nine; twenty
C. Outer membrane
D. Intermembrane space
14: Aerobic metabolism always requires _____
A. Oxygen
B. Water
C. Cytosol
D. ATP
15: Allelic variation is an important source of __________ in a population.
A. Multiplication of body cells
B. Genetic diversity
C. Four haploid cells
D. Genetic diversityasexual reproduction and mitosis
16: An enzyme _____
A. Is an organic catalyst
B. Is a source of energy for endergonic reactions
C. Is a inorganic catalyst
D. Increases the EA of a reaction
E. Can bind to nearly any molecule
17: Asexual reproduction occurs during _____.
A. Fertilization
B. Mitosis
C. Chromosome exchange between organisms of different species
D. Meiosis
18: At a chiasma, two ________ are attached to each other.
A. Homologous or sister chromatids
B. Nonhomologous chromosomes
C. Daughter cells
D. Homologous or nonsister chromatids
19: Atp is a good energy currency for cells because it has a(n) _____ amount of gibbs free energy.
A. Positive
B. Chemical
C. Negative
D. Intermediate
E. Substrate
20: Bone and blood cells are considered _____
A. Protoplasm
B. Cytoplasm
C. A plasma membrane
D. Bright-field microscope
E. Specialized cells
21: Cadherins are __________.
A. Developmental fate of each embryonic cell is determined very early
B. Retain the capacity to develop into a complete embryo
C. Evolution of the Hox gene complex provided developmental flexibility.
D. Proteins that play key roles in how animal cells attach to one another
22: Cam plants conserve water by ________.
A. Incorporating CO2 into RuBP
B. Running the Calvin cycle at night
C. Growing very deep roots
D. Keeping their stomata closed at night
E. Opening their stomata only at night
23: Carbon dioxide functions as a greenhouse gas because it _____.
A. Traps heat that has been radiated from Earth similar to the way the glass of a greenhouse traps heat
B. The absorption of carbon dioxide by plants and the ocean increases
C. Decomposition of detritus
D. The concentration of toxin can more than double at each level of the food chain.
24: Cellular respiration is a series of _____ reactions.
A. Catabolic
B. Metabolic
C. Anabolism
D. All of these
25: Chloroplasts are to ____________ as ___________ are to aerobic respiration
A. Stroma, cristae
B. Photosynthesis, mitochondria
C. Thylakoid membranes, matrix
D. Protein synthesis, lysosomes
26: Chromatids are __________.
A. Identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome
B. The sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite sides of the cell.
C. Cells of benign tumors do not metastasize; those of malignant tumors do
D. Regulate the cell cycle through a variety of stop and go signals
27: Clusters of chlorophyll and accessory pigments are called ________.
A. The Golgi apparatus
B. Chloroplasts
C. Photosystems
D. Photosynthetic
28: Compared to c3 plants, c4 plants _____.
A. They can fix carbon at the lower CO2 concentrations that develop when the stomata are closed
B. Can continue to fix CO2 even at lower CO2 concentrations and higher oxygen concentrations
C. The Calvin cycle has three phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP.
D. Plants are classified as producers because they fix inorganic carbon into organic molecules.
29: Cytokinesis refers to __________
A. The mitotic spindle breaks down.
B. Division of the cytoplasm
C. Separation of the sister chromatids
D. Identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome
30: Denitrifying bacteria convert _____ to _____
A. Ammonium ... nitrogen gas
B. Nitrates ... nitrogen gas
C. Nitrogen gas ... nitrites
D. Nitrogen gas ... ammonium
31: Dna is replicated during the __________ subphase of interphase of the cell cycle.
A. Telophase
B. Prophase
C. Interphase
D. Anaphase
32: Duplication of the chromosomes to produce sister chromatids _____.
A. Haploid gametes ... diploid zygote
B. Occurs in both mitosis and meiosis
C. They can activate and inactivate certain genes.
D. The mitotic spindle would not form.
33: During _____ sister chromatids separate.
A. Prophase II
B. Diploid
C. Anaphase I
D. Anaphase II
E. Prophase I
34: During cellular respiration ____.
A. Glucose is oxidized and there is net production of ATP
B. Glucose is oxidized and there is net hydrolysis of ATP
C. Glucose is reduced and there is net hydrolysis of ATP
D. Glucose is reduced and there is net production of ATP
35: During meiosis, the processes of __________ and __________ increase genetic diversity.
A. Anaphase II
B. Anaphase
C. Homologous
D. Crossing over, independent assortment
36: During metaphase i ______
A. Have two nuclei
B. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
C. Seek early detection of tumors
D. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT)
37: During photosynthesis in plants and algae, _____ is oxidized and _____ is reduced.
A. H2O, CO2
B. H8O, CO2
C. H2O, CO98
D. H2O, CO102
38: During photosynthesis, _____ is reduced to _____.
A. Carbon dioxide; oxygen
B. Sugar; oxygen
C. Oxygen; water
D. Carbon dioxide; sugar
E. Water; carbon dioxide
39: During redox reactions ______
A. The loss of electrons from one substance is called reduction
B. Electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance
C. Protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule
D. A substance that gains electrons is said to be oxidized
E. None of the above
40: During the calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is _____ to drive the formation of sugars
A. Oxidized
B. Recycled
C. Reduced
D. Produced
41: Ecosystem productivity is principally limited by _______
A. Sunlight and nutrient availability
B. Water and nutrient availability
C. The availability of time and nutrients
D. None of the above
42: Energy is captured for photosynthesis by _____ molecules.
A. ATP
B. Glucose
C. Cristae
D. Chlorophyll
43: Energy is used, converting ____________ to adp.
A. ATP
B. ADP
C. Both
D. None of these
44: Eukaryotes are ________ prokaryotes.
A. Peptidoglycan.
B. Dependent upon
C. Brown alga.
D. Actinomycetes
E. Methanogens
45: Fad, nad, and coenzyme a are all _____ carriers.
A. Hydrogen
B. Electron
C. ATP
D. Hydrogen and electron
E. None of the choices is correct.
46: Fatty acids are ________; they function in the cell as ________.
A. Short chains of double-bonded carbon molecules; vitamins, cofactors, and storage
B. Long, unbranched hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at one end; building
C. Four-ringed hydrocarbon molecules; key components of membranes
D. Short chains of double-bonded carbon molecules; storage lipids
E. Short chains of double-bonded carbon molecules; vitamins and cofactors
47: Fermentation pathways have the __________ in common.
A. Oxidation of NADH to NAD+
B. Production of ethanol
C. Production of lactic acid
D. Use of oxygen as an electron acceptor
48: Following mitosis and cytokinesis, daughter cells are __________.
A. Ensure that cancer does not occur.
B. Genetically identical to the parent cell
C. No, because the cancerous cells have spread throughout the body.
D. Intestinal tract and skin cell replacement.
49: For a species with four pairs of chromosomes, ________ chromosome combinations are possible.
A. 4
B. 8
C. 16
D. 20
50: For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ nadh + h+ are produced by the citric acid cycle.
A. 8
B. 4
C. 6
D. 5
51: For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ nadh enter the electron transport chain.
A. 10
B. 4
C. 2
D. 6
52: Glycolysis is the only stage of cellular respiration that _____
A. In the cytoplasmic fluid
B. Oxygen gains
C. Requires ATP to make ATP
D. Regenerate (oxidized) NAD+
E. Recycle NADH through fermentation
53: Homologous chromosomes ______
A. Carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics
B. Include only the autosomes
C. Are a set of chromosomes that the cell received from one parent
D. Carry the same versions of all genes
54: Homologous pairs of chromosomes align opposite of each other at the equator of a cell during _____.
A. Mitosis and meiosis ll
B. Meiosis metaphase I
C. Metaphase
D. Meiosis I only
55: If a haploid sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has _____ chromosomes.
A. 4
B. 8
C. 12
D. 16
E. 24
56: If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has ______ chromosomes.
A. 4
B. 8
C. 12
D. 16
E. 24
57: If your high power objective is 40x and your eyepiece is 15x, the total magnification is _____x.
A. 800
B. 600
C. 1000
D. 400
58: Immediately after the fusion of sperm and egg plasma membranes, __________.
A. The vitelline layer hardens and separates from the plasma membrane
B. The sperm and egg nuclei fuse
C. Cleavage begins
D. There is a change in the egg membrane that prevents the entry of other sperm
59: In a plant's sexual life cycle _____.
A. Sporophytes produce gametes by meiosis
B. Gametophytes produce gametes by mitosis
C. Gametophytes produce gametes by meiosis
D. Sporophytes produce gametes by mitosis
60: In all exergonic reactions, ___.
A. Some reactants will be converted to products
B. The products have more total energy than the reactants
C. The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy
D. The reactions are nonspontaneous
E. A net input of energy from the surroundings is required for the reactions to proceed
61: In an rna sample, ________.
A. The number of purine may or may not equal the number of and pyrimidine
B. The number of purine always equals the number of pyrimidine
C. The number of thiamine may or may not equal the number of adenine
D. The number of thiamine always equals the number of uracil
62: In cell cycle, g1 refers to the period of time between ________ and ________.
A. M phase and S phase
B. S phase and M phase
C. M phase and M phase
D. S phase and S phase
63: In eukaryotes, most of the high-energy electrons released from glucose by cell respiration _____.
A. The citric acid cycle
B. Reduce NAD+ to NADH
C. Formation of NADH and FADH2
D. CO2 and NADH are forme
64: In fermentation _____ is reduced and _____ is oxidized.
A. Lactate .... NAD+
B. Pyruvate.... NADH
C. Lactate .... ethanol
D. NADH .... NAD+
65: In fermentation, ________ is ________.
A. NADH . . . reduced
B. NADH . . . oxidized
C. NAD+ . . . oxidized
D. Ethanol . . . oxidized
66: In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate _____.
A. It increases the surface for oxidative phosphorylation.
B. Two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced.
C. Glucose → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen
D. The extraction of energy from high-energy electrons remaining from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
67: In humans, the number of tetrads formed during mitosis is ______.
A. 4
B. 23
C. 26
D. 0
68: In photosynthesis, the light reactions ____________ while the calvin cycle ____________.
A. Capture solar energy; converts the captured energy to chemical potential energy
B. ATP supplies energy and NADPH supplies electrons for reducing power
C. C4 plants need energy to move fixed carbon compounds into bundle sheath cells
D. Open stomata only at night, limiting water loss because of heat and low humidity.
69: In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of atp by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during _____.
A. Photosynthesis only
B. Respiration only
C. Photosynthesis and respiration
D. Neither photosynthesis nor respiration
E. Photorespiration only
70: In respiration, beta oxidation involves the _____.
A. Oxidation of glucose
B. Oxidation of pyruvate
C. Regulation of glycolysis
D. Breakdown of fatty acids
71: In synaptonemal complex strand exchange between chromosomes occurs at this average _______distance?
A. 120-400 nm
B. 2-120
C. 400-800
D. 120-800
72: In the citric acid cycle (also called the krebs cycle), atp molecules are produced by _____.
A. Cellular respiration
B. Substrate-level phosphorylation
C. Oxidative phosphorylation
D. Photophosphorylation
E. Photosynthesis
73: In the citric acid cycle, atp molecules are produced by _____.
A. Photosynthesis
B. Substrate-level phosphorylation
C. Cellular respiration
74: In the ets, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another.
A. Anabolic
B. Coenzyme
C. Urea
D. Fat-soluble
75: In the metabolism of amino acids for energy, the amine group is ________.
A. Excreted as urea
B. Enzymes
C. Liver
D. Riboflavin
76: In this organelle, carbon dioxide and water are converted to _________ and oxygen.
A. Mitochondria
B. Pyruvate
C. Ribose
D. Glucose
77: In this reaction _____
A. Entropy has decreased
B. The products have been rearranged to form reactants
C. The products have less potential energy than the reactants
D. CD is a product
E. AC is a reactant
78: In yeast signal transduction, a yeast cell releases a mating factor, which ________.
A. Binds to receptors on the membranes of other types of yeast cells
B. Intracellular receptors for testosterone are present only in target cells.
C. It would not be able to activate G proteins on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane.
D. It prevents the caspase activity of ced-3 and ced-4.
79: Lysosomes that lack mannose 6 phosphate receptors _____
A. Have unstable membranes
B. Receive
C. Do not receive enzyme shipments from the Golgi apparatus
D. Stick to transport vesicles and impede the transfer of enzymes
80: Meiosis ___________the parental chromosome number
A. Halves
B. Alleles
C. 4 haploid cells
D. Haploid germ
81: Meiosis i produces _____ cells, each of which is _____
A. Four ... haploid
B. Telophase II
C. Anaphase I
D. Two ... haploid
82: Meiotic cell division in animals occurs in the ________ and results in the production of ________.
A. Prophase - metaphase; anaphase - telophase
B. Reproductive tissues; gametes.
C. The G1 phase of interphase; gametes
D. The S phase of interphase; gametes
83: Meiotic cell division replicates a cell's dna ________ and then divides ________.
A. Twice, once
B. Once, twice
C. Twice, twice
D. Once, oncee
84: Membrane lipids do not include _______.
A. Are not stored in the body in significant amounts
B. Triacylglycerols.
C. It is not usually a component of eukaryotic membranes.
D. None of these
85: Microtubules and microfilaments are made from proteins that are shaped like _____.
A. Solid rods
B. Balls
C. Thin sheets
D. Hollow tubes
86: Mitosis _____ chromosome number, whereas meliosis _____ the chromosome number of the daughter cells
A. Maintains, decreases
B. Decreases; maintains
C. Meiosis; telophase
D. Telophase; meiosis
87: Organic molecules store _____ energy in their _____ bonds.
A. Potential; covalent
B. Covalent; potential
C. Oxidized; potential
D. Reduced; covalent
88: Oxidative phosphorylation occurs ________; the beneficial end product is ________.
A. In the inter membranous space due to the electron transport system, ATP
B. As CO2; ATP
C. ATP; as CO2
D. None of these
89: Pfk-1 is _____ by atp and _____ by adp.
A. Inhibited; inhibited
B. Inhibited; activated
C. Activated; activated
D. Activated; inhibited
90: Photosynthesis contributes to plant growth by _____
A. Taking in oxygen and making wood
B. Taking in carbon dioxide and making sugars (carbohydrates)
C. Synthesizing carbon dioxide and making cellulose
D. Converting sugar to oxygen and water
91: Photosynthetic organisms are ______
A. Heterotrophs
B. Animals
C. Consumers
D. Producers
E. Decomposers
92: Photosystem i is a _____ than photosystem ii.
A. Weak oxidant and strong reductant
B. They take place in different compartments of the same organelle
C. Individual disk structure in chloroplast
D. Fluid filled space around grana
93: Plants photosynthesize _____
A. Only in the light but respire in light and dark
B. Only in the light but respire only in the dark
C. Only in the dark but respire only in the light
D. And respire only in the light
94: Plants use the ____________ to make organic molecules.
A. Light-dependent reactions
B. Light-independent reactions
C. NADPH
D. Energy
95: Psi and psii couple oxidation of __________ to the reduction of nadp+.
A. NADPH
B. Water
C. O2
D. NADH
96: Sexual life cycle of ____ involves meiosis
A. Diploid stage
B. Fertilization
C. Mitosis
D. Exact genetic copies
97: Sucrase uses ____ to cleave sucrose into two monosaccharides.
A. Produce NADH and ATP
B. Water
C. Catabolic reactions
D. Anabolic reactions
98: Synapsis of homologous chromosomes and crossing-over take place during ____________ .
A. Metaphase II
B. Prophase I
C. Prophase II
D. Telophase II
99: Tca cycle enzymes are found in the _____________ _________ of eukaryotic cells.
A. Mitochondrial matrix
B. Ethanol
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Methanol
100: The cell conducts its normal functions during ______.
A. Interphase
B. Meiosis I
C. Meiosis II
List of Cell Biology MCQs Mult...
Available in:
Cell Biology MCQs
