Immunology MCQs
Immunology MCQs
Answer these 100+ Immunology MCQs and see how sharp is your knowledge of Immunology. Scroll down and let's start!
1: __________ is not a cardinal sign characteristic of inflammation.
A. Impaired use
B. Redness
C. Pain
D. Heat E
E. Swelling
2: Activated cd8 t cells become __________.
A. Helper T cells
B. NK cells
C. Cytotoxic T cells
D. B cells
3: Antibodies are ___ proteins while antigens are ___ proteins.
A. Bacterial; self-produced
B. Self-produced; foreign
C. Self-produced; also self-produced
D. Cancer; bacterial
E. Viral; self-produced
4: Antibody structures are perfectly suited to directly link ______ to ______.
A. Specificity, antigen
B. Antigen, immune cell
C. Antigenic determinants, different
D. T cells, highest antigenicity
5: Cell-mediated immunity is to t cells as antibody-mediated immunity is to ___________.
A. B cells
B. NK cells
C. TH cells
D. T cells
6: Clonal selection of b cells ________.
A. Occurs during fetal development
B. Results in the formation of plasma cells
C. Cannot occur in the presence of antigens
D. Only occurs in the secondary immune response
7: Complement fixation cannot lead to __________.
A. Enhanced inflammation
B. Opsonization
C. Endogenous pyrexia
D. Bacterial phagocytosis
8: Exogenous antigens are processed for immune recognition by ________ cells.
A. Macrophage
B. All nucleated
C. Dendritic
D. Helper T
E. Dendritic and macrophage
9: Histamine is released from the _____ cells
A. Mast cells
B. Th helper cells
C. Tc helper cells
D. B cells
10: Immunological memory accounts for _____.
A. An antigen can provoke production of high levels of specific antibodies
B. Be unable to differentiate and mature T cells
C. The ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased.
D. Recombination of the segments of the receptor DNA that make up the functional receptor genes of differentiated B cells
11: Membrane attack complex (mac) kills by ________.
A. Has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells
B. Phagocytosis
C. Disrupting the selectively permeability of a bacteria's plasma membrane
D. Can kill cancer cells before the adaptive immune system is activated
12: Most often, antigens are composed of __________.
A. MHC proteins
B. Phagolysosome
C. Macrophages
D. Glycoproteins
13: Proteins on the surface of phagocytes called ________ aid in the detection of pathogen molecules.
A. NOD proteins
B. Lectins and C3 protein
C. Lectins
D. TLRs
E. Both TLRs and NOD proteins
14: T cells of the immune system include _____.
A. CD4, CD8, and plasma cells
B. Cytotoxic and helper cells
C. Plasma, antigen-presenting, and memory cells
D. Lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
15: Memory t cells can be up to __________ old.
A. Weeks
B. Days
C. Decades
D. Years
E. Months
16: This variable region gives an antibody ______ for an _______.
A. Specificity, antigen
B. T cells, highest antigenicity
C. Helper T cells
D. Somatic hypermutation
17: When antibodies bind antigens, the clumping of antigens results from _____.
A. The antibody having at least two binding regions
B. Denaturation of the antibodies
C. Bonds between class I and class II MHC molecules
D. Disulfide bridges between the antigens
18: Antibody functions include all of the following except ________.
A. Binding and inactivating chemical toxins released by bacteria or other microorganisms
B. Cross-linking cell-bound antigens on red blood cells when blood types are properly matched
C. Linking soluble antigens together so that they fall out of solution
D. Targeting foreign cells so that complement proteins can cause cellular lysis
19: B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by ________
A. Reducing its size
B. Immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies
C. Forming of a large number of cells that are unlike the original B cell
D. Producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells
20: Naturally acquired passive immunity can result from the _____.
A. Injection of vaccine
B. Ingestion of interferon
C. Placental transfer of antibodies
D. Bsorption of pathogens through mucous membranes
21: This medullary region of the lymph node contains primarily ________.
A. Microphages
B. Macrophages
C. Tonsillar crypts
22: White blood cells and ____ carry out innate immune responses
A. Defensive proteins
B. Attecking proteins
C. None
23: When an antigen is bound to a class i mhc molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell.
A. Helper T
B. NK
C. Plasma
D. Cytotoxic T
24: When an antigen is bound to a class ii mhc protein, it can activate a ________ cell.
A. CD4 T
B. NK
C. Cytotoxic T
D. Suppressor T
E. Plasma
25: A primary immune response is the ______.
A. Coating the surface of microbes, making it easier for other defense cells to phagocytize them
B. Immune response elicited by the first exposure of lymphocytes to a particular antigen
C. The highest concentration of antibodies that occurs after the first exposure to antigen X
D. Results in the production of short-lived effector cells via clonal selection
26: Antibodies are produced and secreted by ______
A. Plasma cells
B. T cells
C. Bone marrow
D. B cells
27: A characteristic symptom of necrotizing fasciitis is that the pain __________.
A. An enzyme breaks the bacteria free from the phagosome
B. Is disproportionate to the appearance of the infection
C. Avoid eating raw fruits and vegetables
D. Patients may be allergic to penicillins
28: Any substance that triggers an immune response in the body is called a(n) ________.
A. Antigen
B. Active immunity
C. Antibody
D. Passive immunity
29: Antigens bound to mhc ii activate __________.
A. Helper B cells
B. Helper T cells
C. Cytokines
30: Antigens that depend on the function of t-helper cells are called __________ antigens.
A. T-dependent
B. T-independent antigens
C. Both A & B
31: Antimicrobial peptides called ________ are secreted in sweat and damage bacteria and fungi.
A. Antibodies
B. Dermcidins
C. TLRs
D. Complement factors
32: ________ exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen.
A. Tolerance
B. Memory
C. None
33: ________ is the capacity to mount a secondary response to the same antigen.
A. Primary response
B. Memory
C. Innate Immunity
D. Affinity
34: Antibodies are __________ produced in response to an antigen.
A. Immune system cells
B. Glycoproteins
C. Proteins
D. Antigens
35: Autoimmune diseases are an example of a(n) ________ response by the immune system.
A. Lack of
B. Overactive
C. Incorrect
D. None of the answers are correct
36: Cd8 markers are to ________ t cells as cd4 markers are to ________ t cells.
A. Cytoxic; helper
B. Suppressor; cytoxic
C. Plasma; NK
D. Helper; suppressor
E. NK; cytoxic
37: Cytotoxic t (tc) cells are like natural killer (nk) cells because they both __________.
A. Secrete interferons
B. Secrete granzymes and perforin
C. Participate in the immune response
D. Participate in innate immunity
E. Secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF
38: Fever is induced at the systemic level by ________, which is an endogenous pyrogen.
A. CXCL8
B. IL-12
C. IL-6
D. CCL2
39: Helper t-lymphocytes secrete ________ to stimulate the proliferation of b-lymphocytes.
A. Cytokines
B. Hepatitis
C. Rabies
D. Pregnancy
40: Igm is the first class of antibodies to be made during an immune response because ____.
A. B cells producing IgM develop more rapidly than other types
B. IgM is a multifunctional class of antibody
C. The genes for IgM production are the most active ones in a B cell
D. The gene for the mu Fc region is the first to be attached to the variable region gene
41: Il 2 is involved in __________ tc cells
A. Self-stimulation of
B. Clonal deletion of
C. Antigen presentation to
D. Clonal expansion of
42: In an antibody molecule, the __________ region mediates binding to host cells.
A. Fc
B. CD8
C. Anergic
D. None of these
43: Innate immunity and acquired immunity are both _____.
A. Characteristics of all vertebrate animals
B. Characteristics of all invertebrate animals
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above
44: Monoclonal antibodies are used for the diagnosis of all of the following except ________.
A. Juvenile diabetes
B. Hepatitis
C. Rabies
D. Pregnancy
45: Plasma cells ________.
A. Are large so that they can envelope their prey by phagocytosis
B. Have a great deal of rough endoplasmic reticulum to dispose of ingested pathogens
C. Are small so that they slip between endothelial cells of capillaries to fight infection in the surrounding tissues
D. Have a great deal of rough endoplasmic reticulum reflecting the fact that they secrete a tremendous amount of protein (antibody
46: Prostaglandins function to _________ during an immune response.
A. Activate macrophage
B. Activate complement
C. Induce fever by raising the body's temperature
D. Recruit phagocytic cells
47: T lymphocytes are to the _____ as b lymphocytes are to the _____.
A. Thalamus; bone marrow
B. Bone marrow; thymus
C. Bone marrow; thalamus
D. Thymus; bone marrow
48: The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected against infections by _____.
A. The mucous membranes that cover their surface
B. The secretion of complement proteins
C. The release of slightly acidic secretions
D. The secretion of lysozyme onto their surface
E. Interferons produced by immune cells
49: The helper t-cell clones stimulate antibody production by _____.
A. B cells
B. Complement cells
C. Plasma cells
D. T cells
50: The secondary response in humoral immunity occurs when memory cells bind to ______.
A. Antigens
B. Complement cells
C. Plasma cells
D. T cells
51: The process of diapedesis is important because __________.
A. It allows white blood cells to leave the vessel system and attack pathogens in the tissues
B. The mucous membranes that cover their surface
C. The secretion of complement proteins
D. The release of slightly acidic secretions
52: Without the positive selection process in lymphocyte maturation ________.
A. NK cells would be non-functional
B. Monocytes would not be able to migrate into infected tissue and differentiate into macrophages
C. T-cells would not be able to properly bind to APC's and therefore not be activated by them
D. Autoimmune diseases would be likely to result
53: Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is necessary because _____.
A. Of an increase in immunodeficiency diseases
B. The flu can generate anaphylactic shock
C. Surviving the flu one year exhausts the immune system to nonresponsiveness the second year
D. Rapid mutation in flu viruses alters the surface proteins in infected host cells
54: Class i major histocompatibility complex molecules are found on ____________ cells.
A. All nucleated
B. Antigen-presenting
C. All anucleated
D. None of the choices are correct
55: Class i mhc molecules __________.
A. Activate cytotoxic T cells
B. All nucleated
C. Antigen-presenting
D. All anucleated
56: Vertebrate immune cells, which are phagocytic, include ________.
A. Neutrophils
B. Macrophages
C. Dendritic cells
D. All of the above
57: Helper t cells are part of _____.
A. Helper T cells are part of cell-mediated immune responses. Cell-mediated immunity depends on the activation of T lymphocytes.
B. The leukocytes of the innate immune system are mast cells, macrophages, and neutrophils.
C. Helper T cells. Specific helper T cells recognize specific antigen-class II MHC complexes. The result of this is an activated helper T cell that stimulates both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
D. The first response to broken skin is the release of clotting proteins from platelets in the bloodstream, which decreases bleeding and helps to seal the wound.
58: Innate immunity _____.
A. Is activated immediately upon infection
B. Depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to the same pathogen
C. Is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to different pathogens
D. Is found only in vertebrate animals
59: Most antibodies and ____ _____ respond to the site of ______ _______ on a foreign molecule.
A. T cells, highest antigenicity
B. Specificity, antigen
C. T cells, antigen
D. Specificity; T cells
60: The birth of t cells takes place in the ____________ bone marrow.
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Yellow
D. None of these
61: The lymphocytes that enter tissues and directly attack antigens are __________ cells.
A. Cytotoxic T
B. Suppressor T
C. Helper T
D. None of these
62: A fruit fly, internally infected by a potentially pathogenic fungus, is protected by its _____.
A. Immunoglobulins
B. Antibodies
C. Antimicrobial peptides
D. B cells
63: Type a blood can safely donate rbcs to _____________ and can receive rbcs of type ___________.
A. O; AB
B. AB; O
C. A; B
D. B; A
64: The immune system normally discriminates between __________ antigens.
A. Self and nonself
B. B and T cells
C. Humoral and cell-mediated
D. Primary and secondary response
65: Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ________ of the lymphatic nodule.
A. Germinal center
B. White pulp
C. Glucocorticoids
D. Phagocytes
66: What is the adaptive immune response?
A. Production of antibodies
B. Production and release of histamine
C. Response consisting of antigen-specific lymphocytes following the clonal expansion of these in response to the antigenic stimuli
D. The body's first line of defense against infection
67: What does ADCC stand for?
A. Antibody-independent cell-mediated toxicity
B. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated toxicity
C. Agglutination-dependent cell-mediated toxicity
D. Antigen-dependent cell-mediated toxicity
68: What does afferent mean?
A. Transporting antibodies
B. Carrying lymph away from the lymph node
C. Carrying lymph towards the lymph node
D. Carrying red blood cells
69: What is affinity?
A. The Fab fragment of an antibody
B. The strength of binding of one molecule with another
C. An antigen
D. A type of molecule
70: What is an example of affinity?
A. An antigen with the Fab fragment of an antibody
B. Non-polar molecules with polar molecules
C. Covalent bond between atoms
D. Weak force between molecules
71: T cells _____ pathogens.
A. Defense against
B. Offenses against
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above
72: Il 2 is involved in __________ tc cells
A. Self-stimulation of clonal
B. In vitro response of T lymphocytes
C. CD4+ T cell fate
D. All of these
73: T cells achieve self tolerance in the __________
A. Thymus
B. Tonsils
C. Bone marrow
D. Lymph node
74: T-independent humoral immunity __________.
A. The repertoire of T cells in children is not fully developed
B. The cells are overactive in children
C. Children have a weak ability to produce tumor necrosis factor
D. The repertoire of B cells in children is not fully developed
75: A vaccine is effective because ________.
A. The secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response.
B. It activates T-helper cells by presenting antigen to them.
C. Removal of lymphocytes that react with
D. IFN can penetrate the viral capsid and destroy the virus.
76: Allergens differ from antigens because ________.
A. Allergens do not involve the leucocytes, they simply stimulate the inflammatory response
B. Allergens are primarily plant derived while antigens are bacterial or viral in nature
C. Allergens are only active seasonally and are generally harmless to the body
D. Allergens produce an abnormally large immune response to what is an otherwise harmless particle
77: Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a(n) _____ hypersensitivity.
A. T-cell mediated
B. Antibody mediated
C. Immune complex mediated
D. Immediate
E. Both T-cell mediated and Antibody mediated
78: An advantage of innate immunity is ________.
A. Its barriers that prevent pathogens from entering into the body.
B. Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2.
C. Prevention of immediate hypersensitivity reactions
D. IFN can penetrate the viral capsid and destroy the virus.
79: An advantage to adaptive immunity is ________.
A. One antigen may have many different antigenic determinants and may therefore cause the formation of more than one antibody.
B. The secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response
C. Its memory cells that provide quicker, larger and more efficient immune response upon second exposure to an antigen
D. Its barriers that prevent pathogens from entering into the body
80: Antigen presentation is __________.
A. Presented by specialized peptide display molecules on host cell.
B. In the murine system, H2-IA and H2-IE in the mouse are equivalent to what in the human
C. Linkage disequilibrium.
D. What Class II MHC is associated with ankylosing spondylitis
E. In the murine system, H2-K, H2-L, and H2-D in the mouse are equivalent to what in the human
81: Phagocyte mobilization involves ________.
A. Regulatory
B. Helper
C. Cytotoxic
D. Antigenic
82: The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by ________.
A. Complement production
B. Vasodilation
C. Vasoconstriction
D. None of these
83: Treatment of an abscess often requires that it be surgically drained because ______.
A. The wall of the abscess prevents neutrophils from entering the pus and attacking the pathogens
B. Are the only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells
C. Production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting
D. Is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it
84: Antibiotics administered in human medicine work against bacterial infections by __________.
A. The cell walls of prokaryotes are made of molecules different from those comprising the cell walls of eukaryotes
B. Interfering with an aspect of bacterial metabolism or structure that differs from that of eukaryotic cells
C. Prokaryotic cells living in the food will shrink from their cell walls, impacting their ability to reproduce.
D. Bacterial flagella are homologous to the flagella of eukaryotic cells
85: The cell that dominates the deep cortical region of a lymph node is the ________ cell.
A. B
B. T
C. Plasma
D. Nodule
E. NK
86: During the inflammatory response ______ degranulate and release ________.
A. Endothelial cells; histamine
B. Endothelial cells; chemotactine
C. Mast cells; cytokine
D. Mast cells; histamine
87: The "immuno" part of elisa refers to a critical component of the assay, the _____.
A. Substrates
B. Enzymes
C. Antigens
D. Antibodies
88: A secondary response to an infectious agent has a _______ latent phase than a primary response has.
A. Longer
B. Shorter
C. Minimiz
D. All of this
89: Bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, and widespread vasodilation are all characteristics of __________.
A. Local anaphylaxis
B. Anaphylactic shock
C. Autoimmune disease
D. An HIV infection
E. AIDS
90: One group of proteolytic enzymes secreted by natural killer (nk) cells is __________.
A. Self-antigens
B. Interferons
C. Granzymes
D. Macrophages
91: A change in the immune system that rarely accompanies aging is __________.
A. They are smaller than blood capillaries.
B. Induced active
C. Improved immunological surveillance
D. Right arm
E. T cells secrete immunoglobulins.
92: T-independent humoral immunity may be stunted in children because __________.
A. The repertoire of T cells in children is not fully developed
B. Th cells are overactive in children
C. The repertoire of B cells in children is not fully developed
D. Children have a weak ability to produce tumor necrosis factor
93: The serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulates __________ immunity.
A. The lymphatic node pump
B. Natural passive
C. Adaptive immunity
D. Artificial passive
94: Tissue rejection after an organ transplant is least likely due to the action of _________.
A. Natural killer cells
B. Macrophages
C. Regulatory T cells
D. Cytotoxic T cells
95: Four cardinal signs of ____________ are recognized.
A. Inflammation
B. Redness
C. Heat
D. Swelling
96: Natural killer (nk) cells __________.
A. It is specific for a given organ.
B. Interfere with viral replication within cells
C. Ciliated mucous lining in the nose
D. Can kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated.
97: Tc cells express a(n) ________ protein co-receptor.
A. CD4
B. CD8
C. IgM
D. IgG
98: Activation of c3 results in __________.
A. Release of histamine and other pro-inflammatory chemicals
B. Enhancement of phagocytosis via opsonization
C. Formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC), which causes cytolysis of bacteria
D. All of the listed choices
99: All of the following processes can be activated by complement except __________.
A. Inflammation
B. Antibody production
C. Cytolysis
D. Opsonization
100: An antigen must be at least ________ amino acids long to be effective in a vaccine.
A. 10
B. 25
C. 50
D. 100
List of Immunology MCQs Multip...
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Immunology MCQs
Вопросы иммунологии на русском языке
Preguntas de inmunología en español
日本語での免疫学の質問
Domande di immunologia nelle lingue italiane
Questions d'immunologie en langues françaises
Questões de imunologia em línguas portuguesas
Fragen zur Immunologie in deutschen Sprachen
中文（简体）语言的免疫学问题
أسئلة علم المناعة باللغات العربية
Soal imunologi bahasa indonesia
Türk dillerinde immünoloji soruları
