Anatomy and Physiology MCQs
Anatomy and Physiology MCQs
Try to answer these 2000+ Anatomy and Physiology MCQs and check your understanding of the Anatomy and Physiology subject. Scroll down and let's begin!
1: ________ is to contraction as ________ is to relaxation.
A. Systole, diastole
B. Diastole, systole
C. End-diastolic volume
D. Bradycardia; tachycardia
2: _________ stimulates increased secretion of pancreatic juice that is rich in bicarbonate ions.
A. Secretin
B. Hepatic sinusoids
C. Paneth cells
D. Pepsin
3: __________ have 46 chromosomes, whereas __________ have 23.
A. Spermatids; spermatozoa
B. Primary spermtocytes; spermatids
C. Secondary spermatocytes; primary spermatocytes
D. Spermatogonia; primary spermatocytes
4: __________ increases the available surface area of fats for digestion and later absorption.
A. Pancreatic lipase
B. Lingual lipase
C. Gastric lipase
D. Bile
5: __________ secrete __________ into __________.
A. Goblet cells; mucus; the blood
B. Endocrine glands; hormones; ducts
C. Exocrine glands; hormones; ducts
D. Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood
E. Exocrine glands; mucus; the blood
6: A __________ is to a nucleic acid as an amino acid is to a polypeptide.
A. Purine
B. Pyrimidine
C. Nucleotide
D. Base
7: A characteristic of every animal hormone is that the hormone _____.
A. Both release signal molecules into the bloodstream.
B. Nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways
C. Acts as a regulatory message or signal between cells
D. Relays directives from the hypothalamus to other glands
8: A foramen ovale ________.
A. Is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close
B. Is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum.is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus
C. Connects the two atria in the fetal heart
9: A gomphosis is a ______ joint.
A. Fibrous
B. Cartilagenous
C. Synovial
D. Synchondrosis
10: A nerve is _______.
A. A cluster of cell bodies
B. Another term for a neuron
C. A bundle of axons
D. Another term for nerve fiber
11: A person with ankyloglossia would likely have difficulty pronouncing the word .
A. True
B. False
12: A pilus is a __________.
A. Hair
B. Hair follicle
C. Tiny muscle that moves a hair
D. Sensory nerve fiber around the base of a hair
13: A primary immune response ______, and a secondary immune response ______.
A. Is very important; is less important to the body's ability to protect itself
B. Produces antibodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen
C. Is very rapid in producing antibodies after exposure to antigens; is very slow in producing antibodies after exposure to antigens
D. Occurs only in children; occurs only in adults
14: A synarthrosis that forms between adjacent bones of the skull is called a __________.
A. Suture
B. Symphysis
C. Amphiarthrosis
D. Tendon
15: A tendon is ______, whereas an aponeurosis is ______.
A. Cordlike and connects muscles to bones; a broad, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles
B. An actin filaments slide along myosin filaments; ATP
C. A oxygen debt; ruptured blood vessels
D. None of these
16: A(n) ________ is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of dna.
A. Agonist
B. Mutation
C. Dendrites
D. Pituitary
17: Abduction requires the action of two muscles, and adduction requires the action of __________.
A. Subscapularis
B. Four muscles
C. Radial tuberosity
D. Teres major
18: Acetylcholine acts on _______ and __________ receptor susbtypes.
A. Muscarinic; adrenergic
B. Adrenergic; nicotinic
C. Muscarinic; cholinergic
D. Nicotinic; muscarinic
E. Cholinergic; nicotinic
19: Action potentials are generated at the _______ and are conducted along the _______.
A. Axon hillock; depolarization
B. Axon hillock; axon
C. Oligodendrocytes; astrocytes
D. Action potential; axon
20: Active transport of molecules across membranes requires atp because __________.
A. The transport protein moves or has moving gates
B. The transported molecules are not soluble in the lipid membrane
C. The molecules are moved against the concentration gradient (uphill)
D. More than one molecule is transported at a time
21: Adding more premises to a valid deductive argument ____________.
A. Cannot make it invalid
B. Can make it go from valid to invalid
C. Can make the other premises true
D. Can make it inductively stronger
22: After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes _____, which _____.
A. Ollicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
B. Progesterone and estrogen; stimulates development of the endometrium
C. A drop in progesterone and estrogen levels
D. For both males and females, the quality of eggs and sperm decrease somewhat with age.
23: Aldosterone acts on the __________.
A. Descending limb of the nephron loop
B. Medullary portion of the collecting duct
C. Glomerulus
D. Proximal convoluted tubule
E. Distal convoluted tubule
24: All fibers of the pectoralis major muscle converge on the lateral edge of the__________
A. Depressor anguli oris
B. Ischiocavernosus
C. Intertubercular sulcus
D. External urethral sphincter
25: All mammals _____.
A. Vertebrates and tunicates share
B. Nourish their offspring through mammary glands
C. Endothermic metabolism
D. Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus
26: All of the following are organs except __________.
A. Teeth
B. The skin
C. Nails
D. The liver
E. The digestive system
27: All of the following are regulated by the medulla except __________.
A. Cerebral cortex
B. The fight-or-flight response
C. Reticular formation
D. Forebrain
28: All of the following play a role in maintaining resting membrane potential except_______.
A. The opening of voltage-gated sodium channels
B. It makes the inside of the neurons more negative
C. Yes, they are functioning as a receptor.
D. It will make the inside of the neurons more negative and he will rapidly lose consciousness.
29: All of the following structures are common to all synovial joints except __________.
A. Nerves and blood vessels
B. Reinforcing ligaments
C. Synovial fluid and articular cartilage
D. Articular discs
E. Articular capsule
30: Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.
A. Pancreatic polypeptide; insulin
B. Somatostatin; insulin
C. Glucagon; somatostatin
D. Glucagon; insulin
E. Insulin; glucagon
31: An antigen is ______, whereas an antibody is ______.
A. A foreign substance such as a protein or a polysaccharide to which lymphocytes respond; a globular protein that reacts with an antigen to eliminate the antigen
B. Belong to the immunoglobulin E group.
C. Thymosins.
D. Forced out of blood plasma and generally lacking in proteins; absorbed into lymph capillaries
32: An effective way to treat galactosemia would be to stop ingesting galactose and ______.
A. A nutrient
B. NADH
C. Lactose
D. LDLs
E. Insulin
33: An excitatory neurotransmitter _____ the postsynaptic membrane.
A. Depolarizes
B. Somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involunary)
C. Muscle cells and
D. Neurons
E. Microglial
34: An increase of _____ increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water.
A. The type of opsin present in the membrane
B. At intermediate lengths.
C. Urea; ammonia; uric acid
D. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
35: An unmyelinated nerve fiber is ______, whereas a myelinated nerve fiber is ______.
A. Gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; white, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
B. White, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
C. Gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; white, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
D. White, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; red, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord E. none of the above
36: Angiotensinogen is constantly produced by the __________.
A. Intracellular fluid
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Liver
D. A drop in blood pH
37: Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day.
A. 480
B. 180
C. 125
D. 18
E. 1.8
38: Aqueous humor is drained by the ________.
A. Sclera and cornea
B. Ciliary body
C. Scleral venous sinus
D. Anterior chamber
E. The anterior and posterior chambers
39: Arrector pili muscles extend from the __________.
A. Superficial dermis to a deep-lying hair follicle
B. Dense Irregular
C. Arrector pili muscles
D. Simple alveolar
40: Arteries and veins are constructed of ________ tunics
A. 5
B. 6
C. 3
D. 4
41: Arteries have ________ compliance and ________ resistance to flow.
A. High : high
B. Low : low
C. High : low
D. Low : high
E. Zero : high
42: Arteries that are closer to the heart _______.
A. Have less elastic tissue
B. Have more elastic tissue and must be able to withstand pressure changes
C. Have more elastic tissue
D. Must be able to withstand pressure changes
43: Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________.
A. Efferent; afferent
B. Afferent; efferent
C. Toward; away
D. Afferent; away
E. Efferent; away
44: As a group invertebrates are _____
A. Non-avian dinosaurs
B. Paraphyletic
C. The blastopore formed during gastrulation becomes the anus
D. Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord
45: As sound levels increase in the spiral organ (of corti), ________.
A. Outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane
B. Complete adaptation occurs in about one to five minutes
C. Occipital lobe of the cortex
D. Connected to the levator palpebrae
46: Asthma is a disorder caused by ______ of the airways.
A. Stranger danger
B. Automatization.
C. BMI
D. Inflammation
47: Bacteria constitute about __________% of the dry weight of the feces.
A. 2
B. 14
C. 30
D. 55
E. 80
48: Blood in the __________ will have the same po2 as the blood in the aorta.
A. Systemic veins
B. Pulmonary arteries
C. Right ventricle
D. Pulmonary veins
49: Blood leaves the ________ and enters the glomerulus.
A. Bowman's capsule
B. Proximal tubule
C. Afferent arteriole
D. Transport maximum
50: Blood pressure is highest in the ___________ and lowest in the _____________.
A. Arteries; capillaries
B. Arterioles, venules
C. Brachial artery; capillaries
D. Arteries closest to the heart; veins
51: Blood vessels cover approximately ________% of the alveolar surface.
A. 80-90
B. 10-20
C. > 90
D. < 10
E. 50
52: Bone is ________ and contains mainly ________ nerves.
A. Avascular, sensory
B. Avascular, motor
C. Highly vascularized, sensory
D. Highly vascularized, motor
53: Bones lie ________ to muscles.
A. Dorsal
B. Deep
C. Both
D. None of these
54: Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except __________.
A. DNA synthesis
B. Muscle contraction
C. Blood clotting
D. Exocytosis
E. Communication among neurons
55: Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time.
A. Only one
B. One or two
C. Two
D. Several
56: Changes in primary sex characteristics include _____.
A. Aggression and antisocial behavior in boys
B. Growth of the uterus or the testes
C. Nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche
D. Growth of the testes, initial pubic-hair growth, growth of the reproductive organ, and spermarche
57: Characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers include all of the following except that __________.
A. Each fiber is striated
B. Each fiber is multinucleated
C. Each fiber contains a single nucleus
D. Skeletal muscle fibers are very large
58: Chief cells ________.
A. Occur in the intestine
B. Produce HCl
C. Are found in the basal regions of the gastric glands
D. Produce mucin
59: Closed circulatory systems _____.
A. In the kidneys
B. Have capillaries
C. Capillaries
D. Pulmonary artery
60: Compact bone has ________, whereas spongy bone has __________.
A. Spaces that reduce the weight of bone; tightly packed matrix that is solid
B. Osteons; trabeculae
C. Trabeculae; osteons
D. Osteocytes; no osteocytes
61: Compared the endocrine system, the nervous system is __________.
A. More rapidly acting
B. Briefer in action
C. More localized in action
D. Compared to the endocrine system, the nervous system has all of these characteristics.
62: Compared to fat molecules, glucose molecules contain _______ carbon atoms.
A. Four times as many
B. Twice as many
C. The same number of
D. Fewer
63: Contraction of the bladder's__________ muscle squeezes urine from the bladder during urination.
A. Metanephros
B. Glomerulus
C. Detrusor
D. Renal hilum
E. Juxtaglomerular
64: Cranial bones develop ________
A. Elevated levels of sex hormones
B. Due to pus-forming bacteria
C. Within fibrous membranes
D. Internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
65: Cross bridge detachment is caused by ________ binding to the myosin head.
A. ATP
B. Calcium
C. Magnesium
D. Acetylcholine
E. Acetylcholinesterase
66: Cyclooxygenase converts arachidonic acid to __________ and ____________.
A. Negative feedback inhibition; thromboxanes
B. Adrenal cortex; aldosterone
C. Prostacyclin; thromboxanes
D. Prostacyclin; action of cyclooxygenase
67: D cells release ________, which inhibits the release of gastrin.
A. Pancreas
B. Small intestines
C. Isotonic - 300 mOsm
D. Somatostatin
68: Damage to the medial rectus muscles would probably affect ________.
A. Accommodation
B. Pupil constriction
C. Refraction
D. Convergence
69: Developing bird embryos excrete most of their nitrogenous waste as uric acid because ________.
A. It can be recycled by the embryo to make new protein
B. It requires less energy to transport across the egg shell
C. It has a low solubility in water and is less toxic to the embryo than other forms of waste
D. It is less metabolically expensive to produce compared to other waste products
70: During contraction of heart muscle cells ________.
A. Some calcium enter the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores
B. Blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves
C. The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that they do not blow back up into the atria during ventricular contration
D. The heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute
71: During dark adaptation ________.
A. The cones are activated
B. Rhodopsin accumulates in the rods
C. The sensitivity of the retina decreases
D. The rate of rhodopsin breakdown is accelerated
72: During endochondral bone formation, the primary ossification center is located in the __________.
A. Distal epiphysis
B. Diaphysis
C. Metaphysis
D. Proximal epiphysis
73: During exercise, arterioles to the skeletal muscles __________.
A. Dilate in response to increased muscle metabolites
B. Constrict in response to increased muscle metabolites
C. Dilate in response to increased O2 and decreased CO2
D. Constrict in response to increased O2 and decreased CO2
74: During inspiration, the volume of the lungs ________.
A. Lung cancer
B. How much extra we can take in and force out
C. Decreases
D. Increases
75: During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber, calcium ions __________.
A. An action potential in a muscle cell ultimately results in the release of calcium ions into the cell
B. The phosphate ion is released, and the myosin head moves back to its original position.
C. Bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed.
D. The pumping of calcium ions out of the cytoplasm and back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
E. Binding to the troponin complex, which then relocates tropomyosin.
76: During the period of ventricular filling ________
A. It is represented by the P wave on the ECG
B. Pressure in the heart is at its peak
C. The atria remain in diastole
D. Blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles
77: Each ________ controls the production of a particular protein.
A. Genes
B. RNA
C. Chromosome
D. All of these
78: Eicosanoids do not include ________.
A. Paracrines
B. Leukotrienes
C. Hydrocortisones
D. Prostaglandins
79: Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption usually have ________ at their free surface.
A. Mitochondria
B. Cilia
C. Microvilli
D. Junctional complexes.
80: Establishing the resting membrane potential requires energy through the use of the _______.
A. Olfactory receptor
B. Sodium-potassium pump
C. Hyperpolarized
D. Threshold voltage
81: Fat digestion begins in the ________.
A. Cholelithiasis
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Uvula
82: For a given poâ‚‚, hemoglobin unloads more oxygen at ____________ temperatures.
A. Higher
B. Lower
C. Constant
D. None of these
83: Freshly voided urine ________.
A. Has an ammonia-like odor
B. Smells fruity (like acetone)
C. Smells slightly aromatic
D. Has a strong, pungent smell
84: Freshwater fish excrete nitrogenous wastes as _____.
A. Ammonia
B. Nephron
C. Filtration
D. Secretion
85: Functions of bones include all of the following, except ______.
A. Protein storage
B. Blood cell formation
C. Fat (energy) storage
D. Movement
E. Mineral storage
86: Gas exchange requires a surface that is both ______.
A. Fighting infection
B. Thin and moist
C. A heart valve
D. Bound to hemoglobin
87: Glucose and galactose are intestinally absorbed using cotransport, which is a type of __________.
A. Secondary active transport
B. Migrating motility complex
C. Increased incidence of infection
D. Disaccharide
E. Stomach
88: Gustation is to olfaction as _____ is to _____.
A. Cornea, pupil
B. Pressure, retina
C. Taste; smell
D. Lens; smell
89: Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________
A. No change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate
B. A rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
C. No change in blood pressure but a change in respiration
D. A lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
90: Hiv, the virus that causes aids, targets and destroys __________.
A. Helper T cells
B. Mast cells
C. Th helper cells
D. Tc helper cells
91: Hormones are ________.
A. Stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
B. Released upon stimulation by other hormones
C. Parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
D. Lipid hormones manufactured in cell plasma membranes
92: Hormones that bind to plasma proteins ________.
A. Are usually water soluble
B. Must also bind to plasma membrane receptors
C. Are usually made of amino acids
D. Are usually synthesized from cholesterol
93: Hubble's law expresses a relationship between __________
A. Within or on the edges of the spiral arms of the galaxy
B. It describes the expansion rate of the universe, with higher values meaning more rapid expansion.
C. They are regions where gas is ionized by hot, young stars.
D. The distance of a galaxy and the speed at which it is moving away from us.
94: Humans have all of the following types of sensory receptors except _____.
A. Mechanoreceptors
B. Thermoreceptors
C. Electroreceptors
D. Chemoreceptors
95: Hyaline casts are formed when ________.
A. Filtrate flow rate is slow
B. PH is low
C. Salt conc. is high
D. = these are all conditions that cause protein to denature
E. All of these
96: Hyperfunction of the pituitary gland in preadolescence results in _____.
A. Gigantism
B. Pituitary
C. Thymus
D. Thyroxine
97: Hypoventilation causes __________.
A. Increase in PCO2
B. Zygomatic
C. Decrease in blood pH
D. Decrease in pulmonary arteriolar PCO2
98: If a chalazion interferes with glandular secretion, the immediate outcome would be ______.
A. The impairment of ciliary gland activity
B. The loss of eyelash hairs
C. Friction on the anterior surface of the eye
D. All of the listed responses are correct.
99: If your ________ is activated, you will feel relatively at ease.
A. Somatic nervous system
B. Sympathetic nervous system
C. Parasympathetic nervous system
D. Spinal cord
100: In a ________, the skin is not broken.
A. Closed chest injury
B. Use a contrast bath
C. Before you move the victim
D. How to examine an area
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