Statistics and Probability MCQs

Statistics and Probability MCQs

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1: _________ are the characteristics of the individuals of the population being studied.

A.   Parameter

B.   Variables

C.   Statistic

D.   Individual

2: A critical value, z subscript alphazα, denotes the _______.

A.   Z score with an area of fish to its right

B.   The sample size is greater than 30 and the population standard deviation is not​ known

C.   Point estimate

3: A multiple regression model has _____.

A.   At least two dependent variables

B.   More than one dependent variable

C.   More than one independent variable

D.   Only one independent variable

4: A null hypothesis makes a claim about a __________.

A.   Population parameter

B.   Sample statistic

C.   Sample mean

D.   Type II error

5: A population is ________.

A.   A group of individuals of a single species that live and interact in one area

B.   The sum of all individuals of a species in all locations

C.   A group of individuals of several interacting species that live in one area

D.   A group of cells that have similar function

E.   A group of individuals of several interacting species that interact in multiple ecosystems

6: A probability distribution for all possible values of a sample statistic is known as a _____.

A.   Simple random sample

B.   Sampling distribution

C.   Sample statistic

D.   Parameter

7: A sample standard deviation is the best point estimate of the ___________.

A.   Population range

B.   Population skewness

C.   Population mode

D.   Population standard deviation

8: A scatter chart ____.

A.   Data series

B.   Exploded

C.   Combination

D.   Column

E.   Compares trends over uneven time or measurement intervals

9: A uniform distribution will occur when __________.

A.   Spatial arrangement of individuals of a single species within a particular area or ecosystem

B.   An orchid endemic to a mountaintop forest where logging is occurring

C.   Individuals are competing for an evenly distributed resource such as space

D.   Include the effects of disease, predators, and food on a single species within a community

10: All else being equal, increasing the level of confidence desired will _______.

A.   Decrease the margin of error.

B.   Tighten the confidence interval and increase the margin of error. Incorrect

C.   Increase precision.

D.   Increase the margin of error.

E.   The confidence interval.

11: An experiment may have ____________.

A.   Only one outcome

B.   Only two outcomes

C.   One or more outcomes

D.   Several events

12: An independent-measures study uses ____.

A.   The two samples both have n = 30 with sample variances of 20 and 25.

B.   ​a different group of participants for each of the treatment conditions being compared

C.   17 for repeated-measures and 18 for independent-measures

D.   None of these

13: Based on the regression equation, we can _______________.

A.   Predict the value of the dependent variable given a value of the independent variable

B.   Independent variabled

C.   The y intercept

D.   The coefficient of determination is 0.49

14: Complete the formula: sample size = 0.25 * ( _____ /acceptable error)2

A.   Quality control

B.   Fitness for use

C.   Certainty factor

D.   Scatter diagram

15: For a data set, half of the observations are always greater than the _______.

A.   Median

B.   Mode

C.   Mean

D.   Geometric mean

16: For the repeated-measures t statistic, df = _____.

A.   N1 + n2

B.   N−1

C.   N1+n2−1

D.   N1+n2−2

17: If a = 0.05, and df = 4, the value of c 2crit = ____.

A.   7.815

B.   0.711

C.   9.488

D.   11.070

18: If a binomial distribution has p = .30, then q = ____.

A.   0.30

B.   0.50

C.   0.70

D.   1.30

19: If n = 18 and a = 0.052 tailed, the value of tcrit is ____.

A.   47

B.   39

C.   -41

D.   40

20: If n1 = 6, n2 = 8 and a = 0.052 tail, ucrit value is ____.

A.   42

B.   6

C.   8

D.   40

21: If two events are independent, then their joint probability is computed with _________.

A.   The special rule of addition

B.   The special rule of multiplication

C.   The general rule of multiplication

D.   The bayes theorem

22: If x is a binomial random variable with n=10 and p=0.8, the mean value of x is _____.

A.   10

B.   0.8

C.   8

D.   80

23: If you are asked to find the 85th percentile, you are being asked to find _____.

A.   An area corresponding to a​ z-score of

B.   -0.85

C.   A data value associated with an area of 0.85 to its left

D.   A data value associated with an area of 0.85 to its right

E.   An area corresponding to a​ z-score of 0.8

24: In a contingency table, we describe the relationship between ________.

A.   Two variables measured at the nomical or ordinal level

B.   Two variables, one at the nominal level and one at the interval level

C.   Two variables measured at either the interval or ratio level

D.   A single variable at two different time points

25: In order to test a nondirectional hypothesis, a researcher would use a __________ test.

A.   One-tailed

B.   Alternative

C.   Critical

D.   Two-tailed

26: In the t test for independent groups, ____.

A.   We estimate

B.   Increases

C.   Sample

D.   Decrease

27: Mean absolute deviation, standard deviation, and variance are all measures of the __________.

A.   Variability of a data set

B.   Three quartiles and two extreme values

C.   The inter-quartile range

D.   Taking the square root of the variance

28: Parameters are associated with __________; whereas, statistics are associated with __________.

A.   Populations; samples

B.   Inferential; samples

C.   Samples; populations

D.   Samples; inferential

29: Probabilities are important information when __________.

A.   Summarizing a data set with a frequency chart

B.   Applying descriptive statistics

C.   Computing cumulative frequencies

D.   Using inferential statistics

30: The points at xequals=_______ and xequals=_______ are the inflection points on the normal curve.

A.   The points are x= μ− σ and x = μ+ σ

B.   Standard error of the mean

C.   Both

D.   None of these

31: The probability distribution of all possible values of the sample mean is called the ____.

A.   Central probability distribution

B.   Sampling distribution of the sample mean

C.   Andom variation

D.   Standard error

32: The proportion of scores less than z = 0.00 is _________.

A.   0.00

B.   0.50

C.   1.00

D.   -0.50

33: The range rule of thumb roughly estimates the standard deviation of a data set as _______.

A.   S= RANGE/6

B.   S= RANGE/2

C.   S= RANGE/4

D.   S= RANGE/3

34: The sample mean is _____ the confidence interval.

A.   At the beginning of

B.   At the end of

C.   In the center of

D.   Excluded from

35: The sampling distribution of chi-square is ____.

A.   Skewed

B.   Varies with df

C.   Is a theoretical distribution

D.   All of the other three options

36: The sum of the differences between sample observations and the sample mean is equal to _______.

A.   Zero

B.   The mean deviation

C.   The range

D.   The standard deviation

37: The t distribution approaches the _______________ distribution as the sample size ___________.

A.   Binomial, increases

B.   Binomial, decreases

C.   Z, increases

D.   Z, decreases

38: The t test for correlated groups requires that ____.

A.   The population variance is known

B.   The standard error of the mean is given

C.   The sampling distribution of variance is normally distributed

D.   None of the other answers is correct

39: The t test for independent means is used when each group is tested ____________.

A.   One-tailed test

B.   Only once

C.   Only two groups in total

D.   None of these

40: ______ are the graphical components of regression analysis.

A.   Master black belts

B.   Check sheets

C.   Scatter diagrams

D.   Return on quality

41: ________ is defined as recorded facts or figures.

A.   Data

B.   A problem

C.   Role

D.   True

42: A _____ is a variable that changes the nature of the relationship between two other variables.

A.   Independent variable

B.   Dependent variable

C.   Moderate variable

43: ________ probability represents the likelihood of a single event occurring by itself.

A.   Intersection

B.   Joint

C.   Conditional

D.   Simple

44: Methods used that summarize or describe characteristics of data are called _______ statistics.

A.   Descriptive

B.   Overall

C.   Inferential

D.   Average

45: The critical value for a hypothesis test _______.

A.   True

B.   T Test

C.   Test statistic for a hypothesis test

D.   The significance level and determines the boundary for the rejection region

46: The size of the sampling error is ________.

A.   Directly related to the sample size—in other words, the larger the sample size, the larger the sampling error

B.   Directly related to the population mean—in other words, the larger the mean, the larger the sampling error

C.   Inversely related to the sample size—in other words, the larger the sample size, the smaller the sampling error

D.   Inversely related to the population standard deviation—in other words, the smaller the standard deviation, the larger the sampling error

47: The true sampling error is usually not known because ________.

A.   µ is unknown

B.   µ is a random variable

C.   2 is unknown

D.   The sample mean cannot be computed

48: The word and in probability implies that we use the ________ rule.

A.   Subtraction

B.   Division

C.   Addition

D.   Multiplication

49: The variance is equal to the _____.

A.   Square root of the standard deviation

B.   Inverse value of the standard deviation

C.   Squared value of the standard deviation

D.   Absolute value of the standard deviation

50: When a correlation exists, lowering the range of either of the variables will _________.

A.   Raise the correlation

B.   Lower the correlation

C.   Not change the correlation

D.   Produce a causal relationship

51: The total degrees of freedom for an experiment with n1 = 10, n2 = 12, and n3 = 10 is ____.

A.   34

B.   2

C.   35

D.   33

52: A histogram aids in analyzing the _______ of the data.

A.   Shape of the distribution

B.   Context

C.   Type

D.   Bias.

53: When using student's t to compute an interval estimate, ___________.

A.   We assume that the samples are collected from normally distributed populations.

B.   We estimate the population standard deviation based on the sample standard deviation.

C.   We use the z distribution.

D.   We assume that the samples are collected from normally distributed populations and estimate the population standard deviation based on the sample standard deviation

54: In the t test for independent samples, the actual statistical test is__________________.

A.   Nondirectional

B.   Unidirectional

C.   Multidirectional

D.   Quasidirectional

55: Excel's __________ can be used to construct a frequency distribution for categorical data.

A.   FREQUENCY function

B.   COUNTIF function

C.   SUM function

D.   DISTRIBUTION function

56: The ____________ hypothesis is not rejected unless there is sufficient sample evidence to do so.

A.   Null

B.   True

C.   Alternative

D.   Research

57: When a class interval is expressed as 100 up to 200, _________________________.

A.   Observations with values of 100 are excluded from the class frequency

B.   Observations with values of 200 are included in the class frequency

C.   Observations with values of 200 are excluded from the class frequency

D.   The class interval is 99 13

58: The complement of an event a, within the sample space s, is the event consisting of ____________.

A.   Pumpkin Pie

B.   All outcomes in S that are not in A

C.   All of these

D.   None of these

59: A correlation analysis requires that the data be either ________ data or _______ data.

A.   Ordinal, interval

B.   Interval, ratio

C.   Nominal, interval

D.   Nominal, ratio

60: A ranking scale is a scale that _____.

A.   Scores an object without making a direct comparison to another object

B.   Scores an objecting by making a comparison and determining order among two or more objects

C.   Groups participants

D.   Groups concepts according to specific criteria

E.   Establishes relationships between two variables

61: All of the following are measures of central tendency except the ____________.

A.   Range

B.   Mode

C.   Mean

D.   Median

62: For a fixed sample size, the lower we set α, the higher is the ___________.

A.   Type I error

B.   Type II error

C.   Random error

63: As the margin of error decreases, the width of the confidence interval _______________.

A.   Decrease

B.   Increase

C.   Reamains same

D.   None of these

64: A dot plot shows ____________.

A.   The general shape of a distribution.

B.   The mean, median, and mode.

C.   The relationship between two variables.

D.   The interquartile range

65: A firm's ________ is defined as its theory about how to gain competitive advantages.

A.   Objectives

B.   Mission

C.   Vision

D.   Strategy

66: Automobile exhaust emission of co2 (milligrams per mile) is ____________ data.

A.   Judgement

B.   Ordinal data

C.   Cluster sampling

D.   Ratio Data

67: Behavior is to mental processes as ________ is to ________.

A.   Nature; nurture

B.   Sensation; memory

C.   Talking; understanding

D.   Structuralism; functionalism

68: If the chosen significance level is ? = 0.05, then ____________________________________________.

A.   There is a 5% probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis

B.   There is a 5% probability of accepting a true null hypothesis

C.   There is a 5% probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis

D.   There is a 5% probability of accepting a false null hypothesis

69: The five number summary can be calculated ___________.

A.   For a quantitative variable

B.   Not for a categorical variable

C.   Both A & B

D.   None of the above

70: The _______ of a discrete random variable represents the mean value of the outcomes.

A.   Expected value

B.   Midrange

C.   Probability

D.   Standard deviation

71: The _____________ is the best point estimate of the population mean.

A.   Sample mean

B.   Sample data

C.   Sample size

D.   Sample standard deviation

72: When using the _______ always be careful to avoid double-counting outcomes.

A.   Addition rule

B.   Subtraction rule

C.   Multiplication rule

D.   Division rule

73: A ____________ variable can have values that are numbers on the real number line.

A.   Qualitative

B.   Quantitative

C.   Categorical

D.   Nominative

74: The computation of fe ____.

A.   Is based on known population proportions

B.   None of the other three options

C.   Is based on population means

D.   Is based on population proportion estimates

75: A useful estimator for the population mean is the _______.

A.   Population Mean

B.   Decreases

C.   The sample size

D.   Sample Mean

76: If a and b are mutually exclusive events with p(a) = 0.2 and p(b) = 0.6, then p(a or b) = _____.

A.   0.00

B.   0.12

C.   0.8

D.   0.4

77: Proportion is ________________

A.   The all-encompassing reproduction of a person or thing.

B.   The relative size of an object as compared to another, or as compared to the other elements in the piece.

C.   The arrangement of visual elements in a piece, which helps to create understanding and convey the artist's message.

D.   The arrangement of elements in order to create equilibrium and a piece that is aesthetically pleasing

78: The _____ distribution is used for testing the significance of the slope term.

A.   Z

B.   T

C.   R

D.   None of these

79: In performing a one-way anova, the _________ is the between-group variance.

A.   MS Error

B.   MS Treatment

C.   SS Error

D.   SS Treatment

80: In a scatter diagram, we describe the relationship between __________.

A.   Two variables measured at the ordinal level

B.   Two variables, one measured as an ordinal variable and the other as a ratio variable

C.   Two variables measured at the interval or ratio level

D.   A variable measure on the interval or ratio level and time

81: A(n) __________ is an unusually small or unusually large data value.

A.   Sample statistic

B.   Median

C.   Z-score

D.   Outlier

82: Children ages 2-5 watch an average of ____ hours of television a week.

A.   28

B.   12

C.   30

D.   17

E.   34

83: The parameter p represents the ________ of successes in the population.

A.   Proportion

B.   Median

C.   Coefficient of variation

D.   Variance

84: The probability that a normal random variable is less than its mean is _______.

A.   0.0.

B.   0.5.

C.   1.0.

D.   Cannot be determined.

85: The test statistics for one-way anova follows the _______.

A.   Binomial distribution

B.   Normal distribution

C.   Student's t-distribution

D.   F-distribution

86: The ________ measures a distribution's standard deviation in terms of its percentage to the mean.

A.   Median

B.   Coefficient of variation

C.   Variance

D.   Z-score

87: The ________ measures the total variation in the dependent variable in simple regression analysis.

A.   Total sum of squares

B.   Sum of squares within

C.   Sum of squares error

D.   Sum of squares regression

88: A skewed distribution typically has _____ tail(s) and a normal distribution has ____ tail(s).

A.   1,2

B.   2,2

C.   1,1

D.   2,1

89: The t- distribution for developing a confidence interval for a mean has _____ degrees of freedom.

A.   N - 2

B.   N

C.   N + 1

D.   N - 1

90: A scatter diagram is a(n) __________ step in exploring a relationship between two variables.

A.   Finite

B.   Absolute

C.   Preliminary

D.   Definitive

91: A contingency table would be used to summarize data such as ________.

A.   Company employees by gender and organizational title

B.   Company employees by gender and age

C.   Company employees by compensation and age

D.   Company employees by compensation and years with the company

92: In point estimation, data from the _____.

A.   Sample are used to estimate the sample statistic

B.   Population are used to estimate the population parameter

C.   Sample are used to estimate the population parameter

D.   None of these answers are correct

93: The standard error of estimate can be used for constructing a(n) __________ interval about a value.

A.   Prediction

B.   Variables

C.   Parameter

D.   Statistic

94: The distribution of sample means ____.

A.   Is always a normal distribution.

B.   Will be normal if either the population is normal or the sample size is n>30

C.   Will be normal only if the sample size is at least n=30

D.   Will be normal only if the population distribution is normal

95: ________ is a single value used to describe the center point of a data set.

A.   Central Tendency

B.   Mean

C.   Median

D.   Mode

96: A critical value, z subscript alpha, denotes the _______.

A.   Z-score with an area of alpha to its right.

B.   T-score with an area of alpha to its left

C.   Z-score with an area of alpha to its left

D.   T-score with an area of alpha to its right.

97: As the degrees of freedom increase, the t distribution approaches the _____ distribution.

A.   Uniform

B.   Normal

C.   Exponential

D.   P

98: Sample size and the confidence level width have a (n) __________ relationship.

A.   Symbiotic

B.   Inverse

C.   Synonymous

D.   Identical

99: The area under the normal curve to the right of mu equals _______.

A.   100

B.   10

C.   0.05

D.   0

100: In a multiple rating list scale, ____.

A.   Participants rate multiple items on a 3-point scale

B.   The data generated are always ordinal

C.   It is possible to visualize the results better than with other numerical scales

D.   The participant is restricted to circling their rating