Botany MCQs

Botany MCQs

Answer these 100+ Botany MCQs and see how sharp is your knowledge of Botany. Scroll down and let's start!

1: _____ are angiosperms.

A.   Pore surrounded by specialized guard cells

B.   With

C.   Seed dispersal

D.   Roses

2: ______ are seedless vascular plants

A.   Ferns

B.   Cucumber

C.   Stigma

D.   Cuticle

3: A chloroplast that is the result of secondary endosymbiosis would have _______ membrane(s).

A.   4

B.   5

C.   3

D.   2

4: A root hair is a(n) _____.

A.   A multicellular extension of the root epidermis

B.   A modified root that provides support and anchorage

C.   An extension of an individual cell that absorbs water from soil

D.   An outgrowth of the pericycle

E.   An extension of the endodermis of roots

5: Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have __________.

A.   Flowers

B.   A vascular system

C.   Seeds

D.   A life cycle that involves alternation of generations

E.   A sporophyte phase

6: Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as _____.

A.   Dermal and ground tissue

B.   Lateral tissues

C.   Pith

D.   Secondary tissues

E.   Shoots and roots

7: Compared to eukaryotes, prokaryotes are ________.

A.   Simpler morphologically, but not more evolutionarily primitive

B.   Antibiotic-resistant genes

C.   Involves DNA from the environment being taken up into a bacterial cell

D.   The recipient cell remains an F- cell

8: During the alternation of generations in plants, _____.

A.   Fertilization produces spores

B.   Mitosis produces gametes

C.   Fertilization produces gametes

D.   Meiosis produces gametes

9: During the growth stage, plants ____.

A.   Germinate, and begin cell differentiation

B.   Begin making their own food via photosynthesis

C.   Develop the ability to reproduce

D.   Start to sicken and perish

10: Flowering plants are ______

A.   Gymnosperms

B.   Angiosperms

C.   Laurasians

D.   Archaeopteryx

11: Fungal diseases common in ________ include ________ and ________.

A.   Mycelium; hyphae; smuts

B.   Sporophyte; rusts; gametophytes

C.   Stamens; stigma; rusts

D.   Anther; stigma; smuts

E.   Plants; smuts; rusts

12: Gametophytes are ________; sporophytes are ________.

A.   Haploid... diploid

B.   Diploid...haploid

C.   Lignin... bryophytes

D.   Bryophytes...Lignin

13: Gametophytes produce ______.

A.   Sporophyte

B.   Haploid

C.   Spore

D.   Zygote

14: Heartwood and sapwood consist of _____.

A.   Pericycle

B.   Secondary xylem

C.   Both

D.   None of these

15: Hyphae are _____.

A.   Reproductive cells

B.   Thin filaments

C.   Dead at maturity

D.   Cross-walls

16: In ______ the gametophyte is more obvious than the sporophyte.

A.   Mosses

B.   Anthers

C.   Ovules

D.   None of these

17: In flowering plants, the gametophyte is ______ the sporophyte.

A.   Larger than

B.   The same size as

C.   Located on a separate plant from

D.   Much smaller than

E.   Absent and the entire plant is composed of

18: In moss, _____ produce sperm.

A.   Embryos

B.   Antheridia

C.   Archegonia

D.   Protonemata

E.   Sporangia

19: In pine, the embryo develops within the __________.

A.   Double fertilization

B.   Diploid sporophyte

C.   Female gametophyte

D.   Megaspores or microspores

20: In the process of alternation of generations, the _____.

A.   Sporophyte is diploid and produces spores

B.   These protists produce chemical energy by fixing CO2

C.   Lack of resources, predation, infection

D.   Choanoflagellates are an outgroup to the animal lineages.

21: Interspecific competition is reduced by the adaptation of ______

A.   An exclusion principle

B.   Biotic feedback

C.   Resource partitioning

D.   Predatory behavior

22: Most plants flower when _____

A.   Minimum number of hours of darkness; short-day plants are long-night plants

B.   The nights are the right length; The flowering of many plants is stimulated by the duration of periods of uninterrupted darkness.

C.   Maximum number of hours of darkness; long-day plants are short-night plants

D.   Photoperiod refers to seasonal changes in the relative lengths of day and night.

23: Non-vascular plants include all the following types of plants except _________.

A.   Whisk ferns

B.   Mosses

C.   Hornworts

D.   All of these

24: Nutritionally, all fungi are ________.

A.   Chemoheterotrophs

B.   Photoautotrophs

C.   Chemoautotrophs

D.   Parasites

25: Plants contain meristems whose major function is to _____.

A.   Attract pollinators.

B.   Absorb ions.

C.   Photosynthesize.

D.   Produce more cells.

E.   Produce flowers.

26: Plasmogamy is indicated by the letter _____.

A.   Karyogamy produces a diploid zygote

B.   Plasmogamy is the fusion of hyphae

C.   Hyphae form a network called a mycelium.

D.   Karyogamy and meiosis

27: Spruces and pines both have needlelike leaves, with the adaptive advantage of ________.

A.   Increased surface area, increasing photosynthesis

B.   Increased surface area, increasing gas exchange

C.   Decreased surface area, reducing gas exchange

D.   Decreased surface area, reducing water loss

28: "the advantages of the reduced gametophytes in seed plants include ________.

A.   Sporophyte dominant

B.   Valvulitis

C.   Bradycardia

D.   Valvular prolapse

29: The function of a mushroom is to _____.

A.   Produce seeds

B.   Store nutrients

C.   Photosynthesize

D.   Produce spores

30: The pollen grain is to gymnosperms as the ______ is to angiosperms.

A.   Stigma

B.   Cucumber

C.   Ovules

D.   Anther

31: The pollen tube grows from the ________ to the ________, where it eventually fertilizes the egg.

A.   Anther; style

B.   Stigma; ovule

C.   Sepal; filament

D.   Petal; ovary

32: The polarity of a plant is established when _____.

A.   Cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo

B.   The shoot-root axis is established in the embryo

C.   The primary root breaks through the seed coat

D.   The shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates

33: Vessel elements are more efficient at transporting water than tracheids because _____.

A.   Archegonia ... egg

B.   Haploid ... meiosis

C.   Diploid sporophyte

D.   Vessel elements are wide

34: Xylem is indicated by the letter _____.

A.   A

B.   B

C.   C

D.   D

35: Basidia produce spores by a process known as _____.

A.   Decomposition

B.   Mitosis

C.   Meiosis

D.   Hyphae

E.   Binary fission

36: Gametophytes reproduce ______.

A.   By producing sperm and eggs

B.   By fission

C.   By alternation of generations

D.   By budding

37: In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes are produced by

A.   Mitosis ... mitosis

B.   Meiosis ... meiosis

C.   Binary fission ... mitosis

38: The conspicuous part of a fern plant is a _____.

A.   Haploid sporophyte

B.   Diploid sporophyte

C.   Diploid gametophyte

D.   Haploid gametophyte

39: The edible portion of the mushroom is the ________.

A.   Recycling nutrients from dead organisms back into the food chain

B.   Above-ground reproductive structure

C.   Wind

D.   None of these

40: Angiosperms _____.

A.   Produces flower and seed

B.   Produces flower and fruits

C.   Both of these

D.   None of these

41: The sperm produced by mosses require _____ to reach an archegonium.

A.   Moisture

B.   The development of a flower

C.   Wind

D.   Light

42: In the pine, microsporangia form _____ microspores by _____.

A.   Haploid ... meiosis

B.   Diploid ... meiosis

C.   Diploid ... mitosis

D.   Triploid ... fertilization

43: Pollen grains are defined as gametophytes because they ______.

A.   Disperse seeds

B.   Are multicellular and produce sperm via mitosis

C.   Via cotyledons, a source of food for the embryo

D.   None of these

44: The cones of gymnosperms play the same role as ______ in angiosperms.

A.   Roots

B.   Flowers

C.   Diploid

D.   Autotrophs

45: In sexual reproduction of land plants, generations alternate between _____.

A.   Haploid gametes by mitosis

B.   Rhizomes and corms are ways to start a new individual without sex

C.   Making gametes and making spores, the two generations are called gametophyte and sporophyte

D.   Does not depend on for nutrients; prefers gametophyte

46: Xylem cells are _____, which is essential to their function.

A.   Water-conducting

B.   Dissolved substances

C.   A only

D.   A and B

47: A plant cell placed in a solution with a lower (more negative) water potential will __________.

A.   Lose water and plasmolyze

B.   Gain water and plasmolyze

C.   Gain water and Endodermis

48: A plant with high _____ is healthy and rigid.

A.   Cell walls

B.   Turgor

C.   Stroma

D.   Pith

49: Bipedal organisms have a ________ spine while quadrupedal organisms have a ________ spine

A.   2,3

B.   2,4

C.   1,3

D.   2,3

50: Bulk flow is analogous to a __________ and diffusion is analogous to a __________.

A.   Convection oven; conduction oven

B.   Conection oven , conduction oven

C.   Convection conduction

51: Cells harvest energy from food molecules by _____

A.   Photosynthesis

B.   Respiration

C.   Fermentation

D.   The Calvin cycle

52: In addition to transporting sugar, the phloem also _____.

A.   Transmits electrical signals

B.   Transports viral RNA throughout the plant

C.   Transports plant RNA throughout the plant

D.   Transports proteins throughout the plant

53: Producing energy that fuels the activities of the cell is a function of the __________.

A.   Cell membrane

B.   Cell wall..

C.   Mitochondria

54: Refer to the illustration of a plant life cycle. the structures at point 3 are called ___________.

A.   Pores

B.   Spores

C.   Mitocndria

55: Refer to the illustration of the flower. structure 3 _______________________..

A.   .contains meristematic tissue

B.   Is often sticky or has hairs

C.   Contains sperm cells

D.   Produces pollen

56: Compared to nonvascular plants, the ancient relatives of vascular plants ________.

A.   Produced sporophyte generations independent of, not dependent on, gametophyte generations

B.   Produced much smaller sporophyte generations

C.   Produced sporophyte generations that provided more nutrition to gametophyte generations

D.   Probably experienced less competition for light

57: Root hairs are important to a plant because they _____.

A.   Protect the plant from soil microbes

B.   Develop into lateral roots

C.   Protect the plant from freezing

D.   Increase the surface area for absorption

E.   Help the root slide between soil particles

58: Plant meristematic cells _____.

A.   Are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant

B.   Are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells

C.   Increase the surface area of dermal tissue by developing root hairs

D.   Subdivide into three distinct cell types named parenchyma, ground meristem, and procambium

59: As fuels, wood and coal _____.

A.   Are the main fuel sources in industrialized countries today

B.   Are both formed from living or fossil plants

C.   Are both formed under pressure deep in the Earth.

D.   Were both commonly used throughout the United States through the early 1900s

60: Meristematic cells called the _____ add width to the plant body.

A.   Shoot tip

B.   Root tip

C.   Vascular cambium

D.   Phloem

E.   None

61: The _____ cells are undifferentiated and produce new cells in order to grow.

A.   Meristem

B.   Epidermis

C.   Sclerenchyma

D.   Collenchyma

62: A tomato plant is a type of _____.

A.   Flowering plants

B.   Angiosperms

C.   Gymnosperm

D.   None of these

63: Mitosis occurs in _____; meiosis occurs in _____

A.   Somatic or body cells … germ cells in the testes or ovaries

B.   Germ cells in the testes or ovaries … somatic or body cells

C.   Sexually reproducing organisms … asexually reproducing organisms

D.   Adult organisms … zygotes and early embryos

64: Vessel elements are dead cells that are part of _____ and conduct _____ through hollow tubes.

A.   Sieve-tube members; sugar

B.   Xylem; sugar

C.   Phloem; water

D.   Xylem; water

65: Plants in the phylum bryophyta grow in areas that are _____.

A.   Damp and shady

B.   Damp

C.   Shady

D.   None of these

66: About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on earth would have _____.

A.   Looked very similar to that of today, with flowers, grasses, shrubs, and trees

B.   Been completely bare rock, with little pools that contained cyanobacteria and protists

C.   Been covered with tall forests in swamps that would become today's coal

D.   Had non-vascular, green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock

67: Evergreen trees lose their leaves _____

A.   In the spring

B.   In the summer

C.   Steadily all year

D.   None of these

68: Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to _____.

A.   Cell division at the shoot apical meristem.

B.   Cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem.

C.   Cell division localized in each internode.

D.   Cell elongation localized in each internode.

E.   Cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem

69: Molecular phylogenies show all land plants are a monophyletic group. this suggests ________.

A.   There were many different transitions from aquatic to terrestrial habitats

B.   Wind-pollinated plants arose first

C.   Land plants have undergone a diversification since they first colonized terrestrial habitats

D.   There was a single transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats

70: Monocots and eudicots are so named due to differences in the number of leaves on the _______.

A.   Seeds

B.   Stolons

C.   Corms

D.   Meiosis

71: Primary production by photosynthetic protists is considered ""primary"" because _____.

A.   These protists produce chemical energy by fixing CO2

B.   Wind-pollinated plants arose first

C.   Land plants have undergone a diversification since they first colonized terrestrial habitats

D.   There was a single transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats

72: Strawberry plants reproduce by using _____.

A.   Fertilization

B.   Stolons

C.   Corms

D.   Meiosis

73: The _____ is commonly called bark.

A.   Epidermis

B.   Periderm

C.   Cuticle

D.   Vascular cambium

74: The growth stage of plants consists mostly of _____.

A.   Reproduction

B.   Disease

C.   Germination

D.   Mitosis

75: The only type of growth in most monocots is ____________________.

A.   By translocation

B.   By transpiration

C.   Primary growth

D.   Secondary growth

76: The plant tissue system most analogous to our circulatory system is the _____.

A.   Dermal tissue

B.   Sclerenchyma

C.   Ground tissue

D.   Vascular cambium

E.   Vascular tissue

77: Trichomes or leaf hairs are derived from ________ in plants.

A.   Dermal tissues

B.   Corm

C.   Rhizome

D.   Stolon

E.   Bulb

78: A _____ is a horizontal stem that can divide and grow in several directions at once.

A.   Corm

B.   Rhizome

C.   Stolon

D.   Bulb

79: A fleshy, enlarged end of a rhizome or stolon is called a _____.

A.   Tuber

B.   Bulb

C.   Corm

80: A specialized fleshy stem used for food storage and reproduction is a _____.

A.   Rhizome

B.   Stolon

C.   Bulb

D.   Corm

81: At some time during their life cycles, bryophytes make _____.

A.   Sporangia

B.   Microphylls

C.   True roots

D.   True leaves

82: Chemicals, secreted by soil fungi, which inhibit the growth of bacteria, are known as _____.

A.   Antibodies

B.   Aflatoxins

C.   Hallucinogens

D.   Antigens

E.   Antibiotics

83: Fungi contact and absorb food through the ________, a branching network of ________.

A.   Hyphae; mycelia

B.   Mycorrhiza; mushrooms

C.   Mycelium; hyphae

D.   Mushroom; hyphae

84: Intestinal gas is evidence of active ________ in one's digestive tract.

A.   Methanogens

B.   Halophiles

C.   Thermophiles

D.   Yeast cultures

85: Pollination of angiosperms is mediated by __________.

A.   Wind

B.   Water

C.   Insects

D.   Birds

E.   All of the above

86: The breakdown of chlorophyll reveals the _____ pigments of a leaf.

A.   Carotenoid

B.   Rhodophytes

C.   Bacillariophytes

D.   Psilophytes

87: The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____.

A.   Rhodophytes

B.   Bacillariophytes

C.   Psilophytes

D.   Charophytes

E.   Chrysophytes

88: Vascular plants consist of about _____ of all living plant species.

A.   65%

B.   95%

C.   25%

89: Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as _____.

A.   Perennial

B.   Weedy

C.   Indeterminate

D.   Primary

90: In flowering plants, the main visible plant body is the _____.

A.   Haploid sporophyte

B.   Diploid sporophyte

C.   Haploid gametophyte

D.   Diploid gametophyte

91: In the moss life cycle _____ cells within a sporangium undergo _____ to produce _____ spores.

A.   Diploid ... mitosis ... diploid

B.   Diploid ... mitosis ... haploid

C.   Diploid ... meiosis ... haploid

D.   Haploid ... meiosis ... haploid

E.   Haploid ... mitosis ... haploid

92: In alternation of generations, a haploid gametophyte goes through mitosis to form a ____ gamete.

A.   Haploid

B.   Diploid

C.   Tetraploid

D.   Uniploid

93: Phototropism is a _____ tropism involving _____.

A.   Positive; sunlight

B.   Sunlight; Secondary

C.   Homeostasis; sunlight

D.   Secondary; homeostasis

94: The ancestors of land plants were probably ________ that lived in ________.

A.   Green algae similar to charophytes; coastal marshes or lake fringes

B.   Apical meristem; Stomata

C.   Chloroplast; Xylem

D.   None of these

95: Agricultural lands frequently require nutrient augmentation because _____.

A.   Cultivation of agricultural land inhibits the decomposition of organic matter

B.   Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are not as plentiful in agricultural soils because of the use of pesticides

C.   Land that is available for agriculture tends to be nutrient-poor

D.   The nutrients that become the biomass of plants are not cycled back to the soil on lands where they are harvested

96: The edible portion of a(n) ______ is a ripened ovary.

A.   Cucumber.

B.   Broccoli stalk.

C.   Radish.

D.   Onion

97: Nearly all food plants are as ______.

A.   Bryophytes

B.   Ferns

C.   Gymnosperms

D.   Angiosperms

98: Orchid bees are to brazil nut trees as ________ are to pine trees.

A.   Breezes

B.   Rain droplets

C.   Seed-eating birds

D.   Squirrels

99: Solar tracking, or _____, is a plant's growth toward light.

A.   Phototropism

B.   Perennials

C.   Hydrotropism

D.   Thigmotropism

100: Fungi produce _____ spores.

A.   Dikaryotic

B.   Haploid

C.   Diploid

D.   Triploid