Preparation, Reasoning, and Terminology MCQs
Preparation, Reasoning, and Terminology MCQs
Try to answer these 40 Preparation, Reasoning, and Terminology MCQs and check your understanding of the Preparation, Reasoning, and Terminology subject.
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1: Abduction is a form of illogical inference in which two chooses the hypothesis that would be the best explanation if the evidence were true
A. True
B. False .
2: Support that brings credibility to a warrant’s reliability or relevance; also explains the connections between_______
A. The data
B. Warrant
C. Claim
D. All of these
3: _____and polytomous (multicategory) variables that are discrete because only certain finite values (categories) are possible is known as Categorical
A. Dichotomous
B. Associated closely
C. Associated
D. Intimately linked
4: Claim consists of _______
A. The statement, thesis
B. May be fact based, value based
C. Both a and b
D. None of these
5: _____ is a generalized meaning associated with particular events, objects, conditions, and situations that aggregates objects or events that have common characteristics beyond a single observation.
A. Concept
B. Construct
C. Concrete
D. Corporeality
6: An image or idea invented explicitly for a given research, testing, or theory-building purpose is known as ___.
A. Concept
B. Construct
C. Concrete
D. Corporeality
7: Continuous variable is a metric (interval-ratio) variable that takes on any value in an ordered set of values in a less range.
A. True
B. False
8: ____ is a variable that is held constant (unchanging) throughout an experiment or observation designed to test the impact of the independent variable.
A. Control variable
B. Correlational hypothesis
C. Criterion variable
D. None of these
9: _______ are states that variables occur together in some specified way that establishes an association or trend.
A. Control variable
B. Correlational hypothesis
C. Criterion variable
D. None of these
10: The correlation-based nonexperimental study is known as Criterion variable .
A. True
B. False
11: Data consists of ______.
A. The grounds, facts
B. Used to prove
C. Support the claim.
D. All of these
12: _____ is a form of reasoning that claims to be conclusive; the conclusions must necessarily follow from the reasons given if the premises are valid and the form is correct.
A. Deduction
B. Increase
C. Augmentation
D. Added costs
13: DV is the presumed effect in an _______study.
A. Longitudinal
B. Experimental
C. Correlational
D. None of these
14: Typically states the existence, size, form, or distribution of some variable. As a univariate hypothesis, it contains only one variable; but may also refer to several variables or groups. Is known as ____.
A. Dichotomous variable
B. Descriptive hypothesis
C. Discrete variable
D. None of these
15: ______ has only two values reflecting the presence or absence of a property.
A. Dichotomous variable
B. Descriptive hypothesis
C. Discrete variable
D. None of these
16: Empirical testing is Uses “observations and propositions based on sensory experience and/or derived from such experience by methods . . . Including mathematics and statistics” to test a hypothesis (see reference 3 in chapter 2).
A. True
B. False
17: Explanatory are Suggests that the presence of, or a change in, one variable (iv) causes an effect to occur in the other variable _______.
A. DV
B. PV
C. CV
D. IV
18: Extraneous is a variable intentionally being studied or known to an experimenter that may affect the income or introduction.
A. True
B. False
19: _____ is a proposition that is constructed for empirical testing.
A. Hypothesis
B. Independent variable
C. Calculator
D. None of these
20: _____ is the variable that researchers manipulate to explain variance in the dependent variable.
A. IV
B. DV
C. PV
D. None of these
21: Draws a conclusion from one particulars (specific facts or pieces of evidence). The premises are intended to be strong enough that if they were true, it would be plausible that you would produce a true conclusion is called Induction
A. True
B. False
22: _______ has both order and equality of distance between points but an arbitrary origin on scales that measure continuous variables.
A. Interval variable
B. Intervening variable
C. Induction variable
D. None of these
23: _____ is a conceptual mechanism through which the independent variable and moderating variable might affect the dependent variable; also known as a mediating variable.
A. Interval variable
B. Intervening variable
C. Induction variable
D. None of these
24: Occurs when a number is assigned to a characteristic of a person, object, or event, in a reliable and valid way is known as ?
A. Measurement
B. Moderating variable (MV)
C. Assumption
D. None of these
25: Influences the relationship between two other variables and thus produces an interaction effect known as ?
A. Measurement
B. Moderating variable (MV)
C. Assumption
D. IV
26: Nominal scale is consists of ______
A. Used to name
B. Categorize
C. Classify measurements
D. All of these
27: Operational consists of _______.
A. States specific operational
B. Measurement
C. Testing criteria.
D. All of these
28: A variable that is rank ordered or observations that involve relational comparisons, e.g., a > b, b > c, therefore_____
A. A>b
B. A>c
C. B>a
D. B>c
29: _______has several values representing different categories of group membership.
A. Polytomous (multicategory) variable
B. Predictor variable
C. Premise
D. None of these
30: ______ is the X variable in correlation-based nonexperimental studies.
A. Polytomous (multicategory) variable
B. Predictor variable
C. Premise
D. None of these
31: ______ is an assumption that the researcher takes tentatively to be true in reasoning.
A. Polytomous (multicategory) variable
B. Predictor variable
C. Premise
D. None of these
32: Makes a statement about concepts that is judged true or false if it refers to observable phenomena known as ?
A. Polytomous (multicategory) variable
B. Predictor variable
C. Premise
D. Proposition
33: Adds limits,platitudes, or specificity to the claim, providing a context under which the argument is true is known as qualifier.
A. True
B. False
34: The lowest measurement level with all of the powers of ranking, not equal distance between scale points plus an absolute zero or point of origin.
A. True
B. False
35: Mitigates likely objections and counter-arguments to the claim by suggesting reasons why a counterclaim is flawed, lacks credibility, or is not reasonable or realistic is known as Rebuttal
A. True
B. False
36: ____ is a statement that describes the relationship between two or more variables.
A. Relational hypothesis
B. Research hypothesis
C. Scientific method
D. None of these
37: An insightful guess, speculation, or an even more rigorous assessment of the research outcome is known as ____.
A. Relational hypothesis
B. Research hypothesis
C. Scientific method
D. None of these
38: The process of scientific inquiry in which a researcher states a problem, creates a hypothesis to explain the problem, deduces consequences and formulates several rival hypotheses, devises a decisive empirical test to exclude one or more hypotheses as the explanation, draws a conclusion, and feeds information back into the problem is known as ____
A. Relational hypothesis
B. Research hypothesis
C. Scientific method
D. None of these
39: A statement of “no difference” designed for statistical testing is known as Relational hypothesis
A. True
B. False
40: Systematically interrelated concepts,_____, definitions, and hypotheses to explain and predict phenomena (facts) is known as theory
A. Takes away
B. Constructs
C. Bulldozes
D. Demolishes
41: Involves ____components that evaluate the pros and cons of an argument and the effectiveness of rebuttals.
A. Six
B. Five
C. Four
D. Three
42: Anything that can vary (i.e., that can assume multiple values and can change or be changed, counted or scaled). Is known as ______.
A. Variable
B. Warrant
C. Design
D. None of these
43: Demonstrates the connection between data and claim by creating a bridge that shows why the evidence supports the claim and makes it false is known as Warrant
A. True
B. False
44: In antiquity, who proposed a system that was a precursor to the scientific method?
A. Plato
B. Socrates
C. Aristotle
D. None of these
45: What is a form of reasoning wherein the conclusion must necessarily follow from the reasons given?
A. Deduction
B. Induction
C. Abduction
D. The Toulmin Model
46: Which element in the Toulmin Model demonstrates the connection between data and claim, showing why the evidence supports the claim?
A. Data
B. Warrant
C. Claim
D. Qualifier
47: ______ can be counted or scaled. They could be age, education, income, or family size in a study of the effects of high housing costs on portions of the population.
A. Concepts
B. Constructs
C. Operational definitions
D. Variables
48: Business researchers are typically interested in discovering the relationship between variables. Which variable does the researcher manipulate to explain variance or discrepancy?
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Moderating variable
D. Extraneous variable
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Preparation, Reasoning, and Terminology MCQs
