Nonexperimental Quantitative Research MCQs
Nonexperimental Quantitative Research MCQs
Answer these 50 Nonexperimental Quantitative Research MCQs and see how sharp is your knowledge of Nonexperimental Quantitative Research.
Scroll down and let's start!
1: A researcher is interested in the relationship between vocabulary and school achievement in Grade 1. The researcher decides that to control for IQ, which also is expected to influence achievement in Grade 1. The researcher takes a group of first graders and measures them on vocabulary, achievement, and IQ. Then the researcher statistically examines the relationship between vocabulary and school achievement, controlling for IQ. What is the name of this control technique?
A. Partial correlation
B. Holding the extraneous variable constant
C. Matching
D. Random assignment
2: The President of your university assigns the Director of Research to determine what jobs and the salaries the alumni have. The researcher draws a random sample from the list of alumni and conducts a telephone interview with the alumni in the sample. This research project is best described as having what kind of objective?
A. Descriptive
B. Predictive
C. Explanatory
D. Correlational
3: Which of the following is a type of longitudinal research?
A. Cross-sectional
B. Trend
C. Retrospective
D. Correlational
4: The ______ is a mathematical procedure that is the “parent” of many statistical techniques. For example, two of its “children” are analysis of covariance and partial correlation.
A. General logit model
B. General limited model
C. General linear model
D. General curvilinear model
5: According to the text, which statement about the “simple cases” of nonexperimental quantitative research is true?
A. Causal conclusions can be drawn from the simple cases of nonexperimental quantitative research.
B. Causal conclusions can NOT be drawn from either of the two “simple cases.”
C. Causal conclusions can be drawn from both of the “simple cases.”
D. None of these
6: The book describes the “time dimension” as one important dimension for classifying nonexperimental research. This dimension includes three major design types. Which of the following is one of those three types?
A. Trend
B. Prospective
C. Retrospective
D. Survey
7: The book describes “research objective” as another important dimension for classifying nonexperimental research. This dimension includes three major objectives. Which of the following is one of those three types?
A. Correlational research
B. Prospective research
C. Exploratory research
D. Causal research
8: Which of the following independent variables might a researcher study using nonexperimental quantitative research because it cannot be experimentally manipulated?
A. The number of weeks of intervention a student receives
B. Various personality traits
C. The order in which a participant receives interventions.
D. The number of minutes of tutoring a student receives.
9: In what kind of research does the researcher test hypotheses and theories about how and why a phenomenon operates as it does?
A. Inductive research
B. Predictive research
C. Descriptive research
D. Explanatory research
10: Which approach to research is the strongest for establishing that a relationship is causal?
A. Experimental
B. Correlational
C. Historical
D. Causal-comparative
11: The number of fire trucks responding to a fire and the amount of fire damage positively correlated. This relationship is spurious.
A. True
B. False
12: The proper time order condition (the temporal antecedence condition) of the “required conditions for cause and effect” is virtually always a problem in nonexperimental quantitative research.
A. True
B. False
13: A researcher uses the research approach of “causal modeling” (developing a theoretical model and testing it). The primary objective of such research is exploratory.
A. True
B. False
14: The post hoc fallacy is exemplified by claiming that because A preceded B, A caused B.
A. True
B. False
15: The research objective dimension and the time dimension can be crossed to form a table of types of nonexperimental quantitative research. This results in a table of six different types of nonexperimental quantitative research.
A. True
B. False
16: A control method that can be used to statistically equate groups that differ on a pretest or some other variable; used to examine the relationship between one categorical independent variable and one quantitative dependent variable, controlling for one or more extraneous variables (also called ANCOVA) is called analysis of covariance
A. True
B. False
17: A form of explanatory research in which the researcher hypothesizes a causal model and then empirically tests it is known as _____
A. Causal modeling
B. Non causal modeling
C. Selective modeling
D. Non selective modeling
18: Any group of people with a common classification or characteristic is called cohort
A. True
B. False
19: Data are collected at a _____ in time is called cross sectional research
A. Single point
B. Double point
C. No point
D. Triple point
20: Research focused on providing an accurate description or picture of the status or characteristics of a situation or phenomenon is called _____
A. Descriptive research
B. Non descriptive research
C. Scientific research
D. All of above
21: A differential loss of participants from the various comparison groups that causes the groups to become nonequivalent, and obscures the treatment effect is called
A. Differential attrition
B. Non differential attrition
C. Both of above
D. All of above
22: The effect of the variable at the origin of an arrow on the variable at the receiving end of the arrow is called
A. Direct effect
B. In direct effect
C. Positive effect
D. All of above
23: Present when increased amounts, or greater strength, of the treatment results in increased amounts of response on the dependent variable
A. True
B. False
24: Testing hypotheses and theories that explain how and why a phenomenon operates as it does is called
A. Explanatory research
B. Non explanatory research
C. Mixed research
D. None of above
25: A design with one categorical independent variable and one quantitative dependent variable first simple case of nonexperimental quantitative research
A. True
B. False
26: A that is the “parent” of many statistical analysis techniques is called general linear model
A. Mathematical procedure
B. Physical procedure
C. Chemical procedure
D. None of above
27: An effect occurring through an intervening variable is called
A. Direct effect
B. In direct effect
C. Positive effect
D. All of above
28: A variable occurring between two other variables in a causal chain (also known as a mediating variable) is called intervening variable
A. True
B. False
29: Data are collected at multiple time points, and comparisons are made across time is called
A. Transverse research
B. Longitudinal research
C. Scientific research
D. All of these
30: The variable the researcher matches on to eliminate it as an alternative explanation is known as _____
A. Matching variable
B. Constant variable
C. Dependant variable
D. All of above
31: Attempting to identify rival _____ is called method of working multiple hypothesis
A. Experiments
B. Explanations
C. Hypothesis
D. Results
32: Research in which the independent variable is not manipulated and there is no random assignment to groups is called
A. Experimental research
B. Non experimental research
C. Scientific research
D. None of these
33: A study in which the same individuals are studied at successive points over time is called panel study
A. True
B. False
34: Used to examine the relationship between _____ quantitative variables controlling for one or more quantitative extraneous variables is called partial correlation
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Zero
35: A relationship between two variables that is partially due to one or more third variables is called partially spurious relationship
A. True
B. False
36: A _____ providing information about a direct effect is called path coefficient
A. Quantitative index
B. Qualitative index
C. Systematic index
D. None of above
37: Making the argument that because A preceded B, A must have caused B Is called post hoc fallacy
A. True
B. False
38: Research focused on predicting the future status of one or more dependent variables based on one or more independent variables is called
A. Predictive research
B. Productive research
C. Quantitative research
D. All of these
39: Causes that usually produce an outcome; changes in variable A tend to produce changes in variable B is called
A. Probabilistic causes
B. Non probabilistic causes
C. Specific causes
D. None of above
40: Another term applied to a panel study is called prospective study
A. True
B. False
41: Questions asking people to recall something from an earlier time is called retrospective questions
A. True
B. False
42: The researcher starts with the dependent variable and moves _____ in time is called retrospective research
A. Backward
B. Forward
C. Space
D. Sideways
43: A design with one quantitative independent variable and one quantitative dependent variable is called first simple case of non experimental quantitative research
A. True
B. False
44: Nonexperimental research design with one independent variable, one dependent variable, and no control for any extraneous variables is known as _____
A. Simple cases
B. Complex cases
C. Non simple
D. All of above
45: One of the “children” of a broader statistical procedure known as the general linear model (GLM) is called
A. Special case of the general linear model
B. Non special case of the general linear model
C. Special case of the general non linear model
D. Non Special case of the general non linear model
46: A relationship between two variables that is due to a _____ is called spurious relationship
A. Third variable
B. Two variable
C. Four variable
D. Different variable
47: The claim made in significance testing when the evidence suggests that the observed result was probably not due to chance; we believe it is a real relationship is called statistically significant
A. True
B. False
48: An observed relationship between two variables that may be due to an extraneous variable is called third variable problem
A. True
B. False
49: _____ things that must be present if you are to contend that causation has occurred three required conditions for causation.
A. Three
B. Four
C. Five
D. Six
50: _____ are taken from a population over time, and the same questions are asked is called trend study
A. Independent samples
B. Independent samples
C. Independent samples
D. Independent samples
List of Nonexperimental Quanti...
Available in:
Nonexperimental Quantitative Research MCQs
