Scientific Variables, Validity, and Reliability MCQs
Scientific Variables, Validity, and Reliability MCQs
Try to answer these 50 Scientific Variables, Validity, and Reliability MCQs and check your understanding of the Scientific Variables, Validity, and Reliability subject.
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1: Ceiling effect is a range effect where scores are clustered at the_____ of a scale.
A. High end
B. Low end
C. Middle
D. Both a and b
2: Coding is the procedure of converting a _____ variable to numeric values.
A. Dependant
B. Independent
C. Continuous
D. Categorical
3: A conceptual variable that is known to exist and directly observed.
A. True
B. False
4: The extent to which an operational definition for a variable or construct is actually measuring that variable or construct is known as_____
A. Construct validity
B. Content validity
C. Internal validity
D. External validity
5: The extent to which the items or contents of a measure adequately represent all of the features of the construct being measured is known as_____
A. Construct validity
B. Content validity
C. Internal validity
D. External validity
6: A variable measured along a continuum at any place beyond the decimal point, meaning that it can be measured in whole units or fractional units is known as_____
A. Dependant variable
B. Independent variable
C. Continuous variable
D. Categorical variable
7: The extent to which scores obtained on some measure can be used to infer or predict a criterion or expected outcome is known as_____
A. Construct validity
B. Content validity
C. Internal validity
D. Criterion-related validity
8: Any feature or characteristic of a research setting that may reveal the hypothesis being tested or give the participant a clue regarding how he or she is expected to behave is known as demand characteristic.
A. True
B. False
9: A variable measured in whole units or categories that are not distributed along a continuum is known as_____
A. Discrete variable
B. Independent variable
C. Continuous variable
D. Categorical variable
10: A type of research study in which the researcher collecting the data and the participants in the study are unaware of the conditions in which participants are assigned is known as_____
A. Single blinded study
B. Double blinded study
C. Triple blinded study
D. None of these
11: A type of participant reactivity in which a participant is overly apprehensive is known as_____
A. Communication apprehension
B. Evaluation apprehension
C. Opposing apprehension
D. Intense apprehension
12: Preconceived ideas or expectations regarding how participants should behave or what participants are capable of doing refers to_____
A. Halo effect
B. Pygmalion effect
C. Framing effect
D. Expectancy effect
13: The extent to which the behavior of a researcher or experimenter_____ influences the results of a study is known as experimenter bias.
A. Intentionally
B. Unintentionally
C. Both
D. None
14: An observable behavior or event that is presumed to reflect the construct itself is known as external factor of a construct.
A. True
B. False
15: The extent to which a measure for a variable or construct appears to measure what it is purported to measure is known as_____
A. Construct validity
B. Content validity
C. Face validity
D. Criterion-related validity
16: Floor effect is a range effect where scores are clustered at the_____ of a scale.
A. High end
B. Low end
C. Middle
D. Both a and b
17: A conceptual variable that is known to exist but cannot be directly observed is known as_____
A. Practical construct
B. Hypothetical construct
C. Qualitative construct
D. Quantitative construct
18: A measure of reliability used to determine the extent to which multiple items used to measure the same variable are related is known as_____
A. Expectancy
B. Internal consistency
C. Internal reliability
D. None of these
19: A measure for the extent to which two or more raters of the same behavior or event are in agreement with what they observed is known as_____
A. Interrater reliability
B. Interobserver reliability
C. Test-retest reliability
D. None of these
20: A measure for the extent to which two or more raters of the same behavior or event are in agreement with what they observed is known as_____
A. Interrater reliability
B. Interobserver reliability
C. Test-retest reliability
D. None of these
21: Interval scale refers to the measurements that have a true zero and are distributed in equal units.
A. True
B. False
22: Manipulation check is a procedure used to check or confirm that a manipulation in a study had the effect that was _____
A. Intended
B. Not intended
C. Both
D. None
23: A measure for the extent to which two or more raters of the same behavior or event are in agreement with what they observed is known as_____
A. Interrater reliability
B. Interobserver reliability
C. Test-retest reliability
D. None of these
24: Measurement in which a number is assigned to represent something or someone is known as_____
A. Interval scale
B. Ordinal scale
C. Nominal scale
D. None of these
25: Measurement that conveys order or rank only is known as_____
A. Interval scale
B. Ordinal scale
C. Nominal scale
D. None of these
26: Participant expectancy is a type of participant reactivity in which a participant is _____
A. Less cooperative
B. Over cooperative
C. Less reluctant
D. Over reluctant
27: The reaction or response participants have when they know they are being observed or measured is known as_____
A. Participant reliability
B. Participant reactivity
C. Participant expectancy
D. Participant reliability
28: A type of participant reactivity in which a participant is overly antagonistic is known as_____
A. Participant reliability
B. Participant reactivity
C. Participant expectancy
D. Participant reluctance
29: A small preliminary study used to determine the extent to which a manipulation or measure will show an effect of interest is known as_____
A. Experimental study
B. Pilot study
C. Correlational study
D. Longitudinal study
30: A _____ variable is often a category or label for the behaviors and events researchers observe and so describes nonnumeric aspects of phenomena.
A. Qualitative variable
B. Quantitative variable
C. Continuous variable
D. Categorical variable
31: A _____ variable is measured as a numeric value and is often collected by measuring or counting.
A. Qualitative variable
B. Quantitative variable
C. Continuous variable
D. Categorical variable
32: A limitation in the range of data measured in which scores are clustered to one extreme is known as_____
A. Ceiling effect
B. Floor effect
C. Range effect
D. None of these
33: Rapport is a relationship in which people understand the _____ of others and communicate.
A. Feelings
B. Ideas
C. Words
D. Both a and b
34: Measurement that has a true zero and is equidistant is known as_____
A. Interval scale
B. Ordinal scale
C. Nominal scale
D. Ratio scale
35: Reliability is the_____ of one or more measures or observations.
A. Consistency
B. Stability
C. Repeatability
D. All of these
36: Rules for how the properties of numbers can change with different uses refers to scales of measurement.
A. True
B. False
37: The extent to which a measure can change or be different in the presence of a _____ is known as sensitivity of a measure.
A. Reliability
B. Validity
C. Manipulation
D. All of these
38: The extent to which a measure or observation is consistent or stable at two points in time is known as_____
A. Interrater reliability
B. Interobserver reliability
C. Test-retest reliability
D. None of these
39: True value means that the value 0 truly indicates_____ on a scale of measurement.
A. One value
B. Nothing
C. Both
D. Two values
40: The extent to which a measurement for a variable or construct measures what it is purported or intended to measure is known as_____
A. Reliability
B. Expectancy
C. Validity
D. Sensitivity
41: Any value or characteristic that can change or vary from one person to another or from one situation to another is known as_____
A. Control
B. Variable
C. Association
D. Moderator
42: You measure attention to determine whether having key terms in color or in black print will result in greater attention paid to those words. Attention is measured as the time in milliseconds participants orient their eyes toward the key terms in the text. What is the operational definition for the construct in this example?
A. The key terms
B. Color of word (color, black print)
C. The time participants orient their eyes toward the key terms
D. The time it takes to correctly recall the key terms
43: Researcher A measures social class as whether a person fits into the lower class, middle class, or upper class of a society; Researcher B measures social class in terms of a person’s wealth in dollars. Researcher A measured social class as a ______ variable; Researcher B measured social class as a ______ variable.
A. Continuous; discrete
B. Continuous; continuous
C. Discrete; continuous
D. Discrete; discrete
44: Recording the number of dreams recalled is an example of ______ data; whereas recording the time (in minutes) spent in a dream stage of sleep is an example of ______ data.
A. Qualitative; quantitative
B. Continuous; discrete
C. Quantitative; qualitative
D. Discrete; continuous
45: To analyze the variable, sex, a researcher codes the variable as 1 = male and 2 = female. Now that the variable has been coded, what scale of measurement is sex?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
46: A researcher compares the amount of debt (in dollars) that undergraduate students incur to earn a 4-year degree. College debt is on what scale of measurement?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
47: Which of the following is an example of internal consistency?
A. A researcher shows that multiple items in a survey are measuring the same construct
B. A researcher shows that responses in a survey are consistent at two times
C. Two raters of the same behavior are in agreement with what they observed
D. A researcher shows that a measurement for a variable or construct measures what it is purported or intended to measure
48: A researcher measures impaired functioning using a multidimensional assessment that encompasses all symptoms of the impairment. For this reason, the researcher likely has high ______ validity.
A. Discriminant
B. Content
C. Convergent
D. Experimental
49: The extent to which the behavior of a researcher or experimenter intentionally or unintentionally influences the results of a study is called ______.
A. Nonreactive bias
B. Experimenter bias
C. Participant reactivity
D. Demand characteristic
50: Using a series of numbers to represent levels of education is an example of ______.
A. Coding
B. Scaling
C. Computing
D. Validity test
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Scientific Variables, Validity, and Reliability MCQs
